Kimantawa a cikin Microsoft Excel

A cikin tsari da aiki na zane, ana yin muhimmiyar rawa ta kimantawa. Ba tare da shi ba, ba za a iya ƙaddamar da babban aikin guda ɗaya mai mahimmanci ba. Musamman galibi, ana tsara kasafin kudi a masana'antar gine-gine. Tabbas, ba aiki bane mai sauki mutum yayi kimanta daidai, wanda kwararru ne kawai zasu iya aiwatarwa. Amma kuma ana tilasta su zuwa software daban-daban, galibi ana biyan su, don yin wannan aikin. Amma, idan kuna da misalin kwalliya da aka sanya akan PC ɗinku, to zai yuwu ku ƙididdige inganci a ciki, ba tare da siyan kayan masarufi masu tsada ba. Bari mu tsara yadda ake yin wannan a aikace.

Upaukar ƙididdigar kuɗin mai sauƙi

Estididdigar kuɗin ƙididdige cikakken jerin duk wasu kuɗaɗen da ƙungiyar za ta iya ɗauka lokacin aiwatar da takamaiman aikin ko kawai don wani ɗan lokaci na aikinta. Don ƙididdigar, ana amfani da alamun ƙididdigar musamman, wanda, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana samun jama'a a bainar jama'a. Yakamata ya dogara da kwararrun masana a wajen shirya wannan takaddar. Ya kamata kuma a san cewa ana yin ƙididdigar a farkon matakin ƙaddamar da aikin. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a dauki wannan hanyar musamman da gaske, tunda, a zahiri, tushe ne na aikin.

Sau da yawa ƙididdigar ta kasu kashi biyu manyan: farashin kayan da kuma farashin aikin. A karshen takaddar, ana tara wadannan nau'ikan kudaden guda biyu kuma ana biyan su idan kamfanin, wanda shi ne dan kwangilar, ya yi rajista a matsayin mai biyan wannan harajin.

Mataki na 1: fara tarawa

Bari muyi kokarin yin kimanta mai sauki a aikace. Kafin ka fara wannan, kana buƙatar samun sharuɗɗan bayanin ra'ayi daga abokin ciniki, a kan abin da zaku shirya shi, har ma ku yi amfani da kanku tare da kundin adireshi tare da daidaitattun alamun. Madadin kundin adireshi, kuna iya amfani da albarkatun Intanet.

1. Don haka, fara shirye-shiryen mafi sauƙin kimantawa, da farko, muna yin taken ta, shine, sunan takaddar. Bari mu kira shi "Kimantawa aiki". Ba za mu sanya tsakiya da tsara sunan ba har sai an shirya teburin, amma a sanya shi a saman takardar.



2. Bayan munyi layin guda ɗaya, zamu sanya sashin tebur, wanda zai zama babban ɓangaren takaddar. Ya ƙunshi ɓangarori shida, waɗanda muke ba mu sunayen "A'a.", "Suna", "Yawan", "Unit", "Farashin", "Adadin". Fadada iyakokin sel idan sunayen shafi basu dace da su ba. Zaɓi ƙwayoyin waɗanda ke ɗauke da waɗannan sunaye, suna cikin shafin "Gida", danna kan toshirar kayan aiki dake jikin tef Jeri maɓallin Tsara cibiyar. Saika danna alamar Boldwanda yake a cikin toshe Harafi, ko kawai buga gajerar hanyar rubutu Ctrl + B. Don haka, muna ba da sunayen sunayen abubuwan tsara abubuwa don ƙarin nunin gani na gani.



3. Sannan mun tsara iyakokin tebur. Don yin wannan, zaɓi yankin ƙididdigar yawan teburin. Ba lallai ne ku damu da kama da yawa ba, saboda a lokacin har yanzu za mu ci gaba da yin gyara.

   

   Bayan haka, kasancewa duk akan ɗaya shafin "Gida", danna kan alwatika na dama daga alamar "Iyakokin"sanya a cikin toshe kayan aiki Harafi a kan tef. Daga jerin-saukar, zaɓi zaɓi Dukkanin Iyakoki.



4. Kamar yadda kake gani, bayan matakin ƙarshe, aka rarraba duk kewayon da aka zaɓa ta kan iyakoki.

Mataki na 2: tari na Sashi na 1

Na gaba, zamu fara zana sashin farko na ƙididdigar, wanda zai zama tsararrun masu amfani lokacin yin aikin.

1. A cikin jere na farko na tebur rubuta sunan Sashe Na I: Farashin kayan. Wannan sunan bai dace da ɗayan sel ɗaya ba, amma baku buƙatar tura iyakoki, saboda daga baya kawai muna cire su, amma don yanzu mun barsu kamar yadda suke.



2. Na gaba, mun cika tebur na ƙididdigewa tare da sunayen kayan aikin waɗanda aka shirya amfani da su don aiwatar da aikin. A wannan yanayin, idan sunayen ba su dace da sel ba, to, tura su baya. A cikin shafi na uku muna ƙara adadin takamaiman kayan da ake buƙata don yin adadin aikin da aka ba, gwargwadon matakan yanzu. Gaba, nuna sashi na ma'auni. A shafi na gaba za mu rubuta farashin naúrar. Harafi "Adadin" kar a taɓa har sai mun cika duk teburin da bayanan da ke sama. Za'a nuna kyawawan dabi'u a ciki ta amfani da dabara. Hakanan kar a taɓa shafi na farko tare da lamba.



3. Yanzu zamu shirya bayanai tare da lamba da raka'a a cikin tsakiyar sel. Zaɓi kewayon da ke tsakanin wannan bayanan, sa'annan danna kan gunkin da ya riga ya saba da mu akan kintinkiri Tsara cibiyar.



4. Na gaba, zamu lissafa wuraren da aka shigar. Zuwa allon sel "A'a.", wanda yayi dace da sunan farkon kayan, shigar lamba "1". Zaɓi kashi na takardar wanda aka shigar da wannan lambar kuma saita mai nuna dama a kusurwar dama ta ƙasa. Yana canza zuwa alamar cikewa. Riƙe maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu kuma ja ƙasa zuwa layi na ƙarshe, wanda acikin sunan kayan ya kasance.



5. Amma, kamar yadda muke gani, ba'a ƙidaya ƙwayoyin da tsari ba, tunda a cikin su duka akwai adadi "1". Don canza wannan, danna kan gunkin. Cika Zɓkwanda yake a ƙasan adadin da aka zaɓa. Jerin zaɓuɓɓuka yana buɗe. Muna juyawa canjin zuwa matsayi Cika.



6. Kamar yadda kake gani, bayan wannan an tsara lambar layin da tsari.



7. Bayan duk an shigar da sunayen abubuwan da ake buƙata don aiwatar da aikin, za mu ci gaba da lissafin adadin kuɗin kowane ɗayansu. Tunda ba shi da wuya a tsammani, lissafin zai wakilci mai yawa ne ta farashin kowane abu daban.

   Saita siginan kwamfuta zuwa sashin layi "Adadin", wanda ya dace da abu na farko daga jerin kayan da ke cikin tebur. Mun sanya alama "=". Na gaba, a cikin layi ɗaya, danna kan ɓangaren takardar a cikin shafi "Yawan". Kamar yadda kake gani, ana nuna alamun sarrafawa nan da nan a cikin tantanin don nuna farashin kayan. Bayan haka, sanya alamar a kan keyboard ninka (*) Na gaba, a cikin layi ɗaya, danna kan sashin a cikin shafi "Farashin".

   A cikin lamarinmu, an samo dabarar mai zuwa:

   = C6 * E6

   Amma a cikin takamaiman halin ku, yana iya samun wasu daidaitawa.



8. Don nuna sakamakon ƙididdigar, danna maɓallin Shigar a kan keyboard.



9. Amma mun cire sakamakon sakamakon mukami guda daya ne. Tabbas, ta hanyar kwatanta, mutum na iya gabatar da dabaru don ragowar sel na shafi "Adadin", amma akwai hanya mafi sauƙi da sauri tare da alamar mai cikewa, wanda muka ambata a sama. Mun sanya siginan kwamfuta a cikin ƙananan kusurwar dama na tantanin halitta tare da dabara kuma, bayan sauya shi zuwa alamar mai cike, riƙe maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu, ja ƙasa zuwa sunan na ƙarshe.



10. Kamar yadda kake gani, jimlar farashin kowane abu a cikin tebur an ƙididdige shi.



11. Yanzu bari mu lissafta jimlar kudin dukkan kayan hada. Mun tsallake layin kuma a cikin tantanin farko na layin na gaba munyi rikodin Jimlan Kayan Komputa.



12. To, tare da maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu, danna, zaɓi kewayon a cikin shafi "Adadin" daga sunan farko na kayan zuwa layin Jimlan Kayan Komputa gaba daya. Kasancewa a cikin shafin "Gida" danna alamar "Autosum"wacce take akan kintinkiri a cikin akwatin kayan aiki "Gyara".



13. Kamar yadda kake gani, lissafin jimlar farashin siyan kayan duka don aikin da akayi.



14. Kamar yadda muka sani, maganganun monetary da aka nuna a cikin rubles galibi ana amfani da su tare da wurare biyu masu kyau bayan ma'anar decimal, yana nuna ba kawai rubles bane, har ma da dinari. A cikin teburinmu, ana wakilta darajar abubuwan monetary ta hanyar manyan. Don gyara wannan, zaɓi duk lambobin ƙididdiga na ginshiƙai "Farashin" da "Adadin", gami da layin taƙaitawa. Muna yin danna-dama akan zaɓi. Tushen mahallin yana buɗewa. Zaɓi abu a ciki "Tsarin kwayar halitta ...".



15. Tsarin tsarawa yana farawa. Matsa zuwa shafin "Lambar". A cikin toshe na sigogi "Lambobin adadi" saita canzawa zuwa matsayi "Lambar". A hannun dama na taga a filin "Yawan wurare marasa kyau" dole a saita lamba "2". Idan wannan ba haka bane, to shigar da lambar da ake so. Bayan haka, danna maɓallin "Ok" a kasan taga.



16. Kamar yadda kake gani, yanzu a cikin tebur an nuna farashi da ƙimar farashi tare da wurare biyu masu kyau.



17. Bayan haka, zamuyi aiki kadan akan bayyanar wannan ɓangaren kimantawa. Zaɓi layin da sunan yake Sashe Na I: Farashin kayan. Ana zaune a cikin shafin "Gida"danna maballin "Hada da tsakiya" a toshe "Daidaita tef". Sannan danna kan gunkin da muka riga muka sani Bold a toshe Harafi.



18. Bayan haka, je layin Jimlan Kayan Komputa. Zaɓi shi har zuwa ƙarshen tebur kuma sake danna maballin Bold.



19. Bayan haka kuma muna za thear sel wannan jeri, amma wannan lokacin ba mu haɗa da abun hannun jeri wanda jimlar ɗin ta kasance a cikin zaɓi. Mun danna kan alwatika na dama daga maɓallin akan kintinkiri "Hada da tsakiya". Daga jerin zaɓuka na ayyuka, zaɓi zaɓi Haɗa Kwayoyin.



20. Kamar yadda kake gani, abubuwan haɗin takardar suna haɗuwa. A cikin wannan aikin tare da rarraba kayan kayan za a iya la'akari da kammala.

Darasi: Tsarin allunan a Excel

Mataki na 3: tari na Sashi na II

Mun ci gaba zuwa sashin zane na kimantawa, wanda zai nuna halin kaka farashin yin aikin kai tsaye.

1. Mun tsallake layin guda ɗaya kuma muna rubuta suna a farkon gaba "Sashi na II: farashin aikin".



2. A cikin sabon layi a cikin shafi "Suna" rubuta nau'in aikin. A shafi na gaba, za mu shigar da adadin aikin da aka yi, naúrar ma'auni da farashin naúrar aikin da aka yi. Mafi sau da yawa, naúrar ma'auni don kammala aikin aikin mitir ne na murabba'i, amma wani lokacin akwai wasu togace. Don haka, mun cika teburin, muna gabatar da dukkan hanyoyin da dan kwangilar ya aiwatar.



3. Bayan haka, mun ƙidaya, ƙididdige adadin kowane abu, lissafta jimlar kuma tsara ta daidai kamar yadda muka yi don sashin farko. Don haka ba za mu dogara da waɗannan ayyukan ba.

Mataki na 4: kirga jimlar kudin

A mataki na gaba, dole ne mu lissafta jimlar kudaden, wanda ya hada da farashin kayan aiki da na ma'aikata.

1. Mun tsallake layin bayan rikodin ƙarshe kuma muna rubutu a cikin tantanin farko "Adadin aikin".



2. Bayan haka, zaɓi a cikin wannan layi wayar a cikin shafi "Adadin". Ba shi da wuya a iya lasafta cewa za a kirkiri jimlar aikin ne ta hanyar sanya dabi'u Jimlan Kayan Komputa da "Jimlar kudin aikin". Sabili da haka, a cikin tantanin da aka zaɓa, saka alama "=", sannan danna kan ɓangaren takardar da ke ɗauke da darajar Jimlan Kayan Komputa. Sannan saita alamar daga maballin "+". Bayan haka, danna kan tantanin "Jimlar kudin aikin". Muna da tsari na nau'ikan da ke biye:

   = F15 + F26

   Amma, hakika, ga kowane takamaiman yanayi, masu gudanar da wannan tsari suna da nasu tsarin.



3. Don nuna jimillar kuɗin kowace takardar, danna kan maɓallin Shigar.



4. Idan dan kwangila mai biyan harajin kara darajar ne, to sai a kara wasu layuka biyu a kasa: "VAT" da "Jimla na aikin gami da VAT".



5. Kamar yadda kuka sani, adadin VAT a Rasha shine kashi 18% na harajin. A cikin lamarinmu, tushen haraji shine adadin da aka rubuta a cikin layi "Adadin aikin". Don haka, muna buƙatar ninka wannan darajar ta 18% ko 0.18. Mun sanya a cikin tantanin da ke tsakiyar hanyar layin "VAT" da shafi "Adadin" alama "=". Bayan haka, danna kan tantanin tare da darajar "Adadin aikin". Daga maballin keyboard mu rubuta magana "*0,18". A cikin lamarinmu, ana samun tsari mai zuwa:

   = F28 * 0.18

   Latsa maballin Shigar don kirga sakamakon.



6. Bayan haka, muna buƙatar lissafta jimlar farashin aikin, gami da VAT. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don yin ƙididdigar wannan ƙimar, amma a cikin yanayinmu zai zama mafi sauƙi sauƙaƙe ƙara yawan farashin aikin ba tare da VAT tare da adadin VAT ba.

   Don haka a layi "Jimla na aikin gami da VAT" a cikin shafi "Adadin" ƙara adiresoshin sel "Adadin aikin" da "VAT" kamar yadda muka taƙaita farashin kayan da aiki. Don kimarmu, ana samun tsari mai zuwa:

   = F28 + F29

   Latsa maballin Shiga. Kamar yadda kake gani, mun sami darajar da ke nuna cewa jimlar yawan ayyukan da ɗan kwangilar ke aiwatarwa na aikin, gami da VAT, zai kai 56,533.80 rubles.



7. Na gaba, zamu tsara layin taƙaitawa uku. Zaɓi su gaba ɗaya kuma danna kan gunkin. Bold a cikin shafin "Gida".



8. Bayan haka, saboda darajar dabi'u su banbanta tsakanin sauran bayanan tsadar ku, za ku iya ƙara font. Ba tare da cire zaɓi a cikin shafin ba "Gida", danna kan alwatika na dama daga filin Girman Fontwacce take akan kintinkiri a cikin akwatin kayan aiki Harafi. Daga jerin zaɓin-zaɓi, zaɓi girman font, wanda yafi girma fiye da wanda yake na yanzu.



9. Sannan zaɓi duk layin taƙaitawa zuwa shafi "Adadin". Kasancewa a cikin shafin "Gida" danna kan alwati mai gefe zuwa dama daga maballin "Hada da tsakiya". A cikin jerin zaɓi, zaɓi zaɓi Hada Row.

Darasi: Excel VAT dabara

Mataki na 5: kammalawar kimantawa

Yanzu don cikar cikakkiyar ƙirar ƙaddarar, muna buƙatar kawai muyi wasu taɓawa na kwaskwarima.

1. Da farko dai, mun cire karin layuka a cikin teburinmu. Zaɓi ƙarin kewayon tantanin halitta. Je zuwa shafin "Gida"idan wani lokaci a bude yake. A cikin akwatin kayan aiki "Gyara" a kan kintinkiri, danna kan icon "A share"wanda ke da kwatankwacin ɓarna. Cikin jeri dake buɗe, zaɓi matsayin "A share fasali".



2. Kamar yadda kake gani, bayan wannan matakin an share sauran hanyoyin.



3. Yanzu mun koma ga ainihin abin da muka aikata lokacin ƙididdigewa - ga sunan. Zaɓi ɓangaren layin inda sunan yake, daidai yake da tsayi zuwa faɗin tebur. Danna maballin da aka saba. "Hada da tsakiya".



4. To, ba tare da cire zaɓi daga kewayon ba, danna kan gunkin "Sosai".



5. Mun gama tsara sunan kimanta ta danna maɓallin girman font, sannan zaɓi can mafi girma fiye da yadda muke a baya can don ƙarshen ƙarshe.

Bayan haka, ana iya yin lissafin kasafin kuɗi a cikin Excel wanda aka kammala.

Mun kalli misali yin ƙididdigar sauƙi a cikin Excel. Kamar yadda kake gani, wannan kayan aikin tebur yana da aikinsa arsenal duk kayan aikin domin ya iya jure wa wannan aikin. Haka kuma, idan ya cancanta, za a iya kuma samar da kimomi masu rikitarwa a wannan shirin.