Linux

Masu amfani da tsarin sarrafa Ubuntu suna da ikon shigar da sabis na girgije Yandex.Disk a kwamfutarsu, shiga ko yin rajista a ciki kuma suna hulɗa tare da fayiloli ba tare da wata matsala ba. Tsarin shigarwa yana da halaye na kansa kuma ana yin shi ta hanyar wasannifik na gargajiya. Za muyi kokarin bayyana tsarin gaba daya daki-daki gwargwadon yiwuwa, da rarraba shi zuwa matakai don dacewa.

Tsarin aiki na Linux suna da abubuwan amfani da yawa na ginanniyar ajiya, hulɗa tare da wanda ke gudana ta hanyar shigar da dokokin da suka dace a cikin "minarshe" tare da muhawara daban-daban. Godiya ga wannan, mai amfani zai iya yin duk abin da zai yiwu don sarrafa OS kanta, sigogi daban-daban da fayiloli masu samuwa. Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun dokokin shine cat, kuma yana aiki don aiki tare da abinda ke ciki na fayiloli na nau'ikan tsari daban-daban.

Tabbas, a cikin rarrabawa na tsarin aiki akan ƙwayar Linux, sau da yawa akwai ginanniyar keɓaɓɓen zanen hoto da mai sarrafa fayil wanda zai baka damar aiki tare da kundin adireshi gami da abubuwan mutum. Koyaya, wani lokacin ya zama dole don gano abubuwan da ke cikin takamaiman babban fayil ta hanyar-na'ura wasan kwaikwayo.

Tsarin aiki na Linux kernel yawanci suna adana yawancin adadin litattafai na wofi da ba komai. Wasu daga cikinsu suna ɗaukar sarari mai yawa a cikin injin, kuma sau da yawa sun zama ba dole ba. A wannan yanayin, cire su zai zama zaɓin da ya dace. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin tsabtatawa; kowannensu yana aiki cikin takamaiman yanayi.

Haɗin cibiyar sadarwa a cikin tsarin sarrafa Ubuntu ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar kayan aiki da ake kira NetworkManager. Ta hanyar na'ura wasan bidiyo, yana ba ku damar duba jerin hanyoyin sadarwar kawai, amma kuma kunna haɗin haɗin kai zuwa takamaiman hanyoyin yanar gizo, haka kuma saita su ta kowane fanni tare da taimakon ƙarin amfani. Ta hanyar tsoho, NetworkManager ya riga ya kasance a cikin Ubuntu, duk da haka, a yayin cirewa ko rashin aiki, yana iya zama dole a sake sanya shi.

Wasu lokuta masu amfani suna fuskantar buƙatar bincika takamaiman bayani a cikin kowane fayiloli. Sau da yawa, takardun sanyi ko wasu bayanan ƙarfin wuta suna ƙunshe da lambobi masu yawa, don haka ba zai yiwu ba da hannu sami mahimman bayanai. Sannan ɗayan ginannun umarni a cikin tsarin aiki na Linux ya zo wurin ceton, wanda zai ba ka damar nemo layi a zahiri a cikin wani al'amari na seconds.

Matsakaicin nau'in bayanai don tsarin fayil a cikin Linux shine TAR.GZ, cibiyar tattara bayanan yau da kullun ta amfani da amfanin Gzip. A cikin irin waɗannan kundin adireshi, ana ba da shirye-shirye daban-daban da jerin manyan fayiloli da abubuwa, wanda ke ba da damar motsi mai dacewa tsakanin na'urori. Cire wannan nau'in fayil ɗin abu ne mai sauƙi kuma, don wannan kana buƙatar amfani da madaidaiciyar "Terminal" mai amfani da aka gina a ciki.

Putididdigar Cibiyoyin Sadarwa (VNC) wani tsari ne na samar da hanya mai nisa zuwa tebur ɗin kwamfuta. Ana yada hoton allon ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa, maɓallan linzamin kwamfuta da maɓallin keyboard suna matse. A cikin tsarin aikin Ubuntu, an shigar da tsarin da aka ambata ta hanyar wurin ajiya ne na ainihi, sannan kawai ana aiwatar da yanayin farfaɗo da cikakken tsari.

Ana amfani da ladabi na SSH don samar da kafaffen haɗi zuwa kwamfutar, wanda ke ba da damar sarrafawa ba kawai ta hanyar harsashi na tsarin aiki ba, har ma ta hanyar hanyar sirri. Wasu lokuta masu amfani da tsarin Ubuntu suna da buƙatar sanya sabar SSH akan PC ɗin su don kowane dalili.

Amintaccen haɗin haɗin nodes na cibiyar sadarwa da musayar bayanai tsakanin su suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ana yin haɗi da watsa zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta takamaiman tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma idan an rufe shi a cikin tsarin, ba zai yiwu a aiwatar da irin wannan tsari ba. Saboda wannan, wasu masu amfani suna sha'awar tura lamba ɗaya ko sama don saita hulɗar na'urar.

Mafi mashahuri masu sarrafa fayil ɗin tsarin aiki na tushen Linux suna da kayan aikin bincike na yau da kullun. Koyaya, sigogi ba koyaushe suke ciki ba sun isa ga mai amfani don bincika mahimman bayanan. A wannan yanayin, daidaitaccen mai amfani wanda ke gudana a cikin “minarshe” ya isa zuwa ga ceto.

Canja wurin fayil a kan hanyar sadarwa ana aiwatar da ita ne saboda uwar garken FTP wanda aka saita sosai. Irin wannan ladabi yana aiki ta amfani da TCP akan tsarin abokin ciniki-sabar yanar gizo kuma yana amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa iri-iri don tabbatar da sauƙaƙe umarni tsakanin nodes ɗin da aka haɗa. Masu amfani waɗanda ke da alaƙa zuwa kamfani na musamman suna fuskantar buƙatar saita sabar FTP ta sirri bisa ga buƙatun kamfani da ke ba da sabis na kulawa da shafin ko wasu software.

Fasahar SSH (amintaccen Shell) tana ba ku damar sarrafa kwamfutarka ta atomatik ta hanyar ingantaccen haɗin kai. SSH yana ɓoye duk fayilolin da aka canjawa wuri, gami da kalmomin shiga, sannan kuma yana watsa duk hanyar sadarwa. Don kayan aiki don aiki daidai, dole ne a shigar dashi ba kawai, har ma a saita shi.

Daya daga cikin mashahuran masanan binciken yanar gizo shine Google Chrome. Ba duk masu amfani da farin ciki tare da aikin ba saboda yawan amfani da albarkatun tsarin kuma ba ga kowa ba ne tsarin gudanar da tsarin tab. Koyaya, a yau ba za mu so mu tattauna amfanin da fa'idar wannan gidan yanar gizon ba, amma za mu yi magana game da ka'idar shigar da shi a cikin tsarin sarrafawa dangane da ƙwaƙwalwar Linux.

Wani lokaci yana da sauƙi don adana shirye-shirye, kundin adireshi da fayiloli a cikin hanyar adana kayan tarihi, tunda sun ɗauki ƙasa da dama a cikin kwamfuta, kuma suna iya wucewa ta hanyar sauƙaƙe ta hanyar labarai mai cirewa zuwa kwamfutoci daban-daban. Daya daga cikin sanannun tsararrun kayan adana kayan tarihin ana la'akari da ZIP. A yau zamu so magana game da yadda ake aiki tare da wannan nau'in bayanai a cikin tsarin sarrafawa dangane da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar Linux, saboda daidai fashewa ko kallon abubuwan da ke ciki dole ne kuyi amfani da ƙarin abubuwan amfani.

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, wasu masu amfani da Intanet masu aiki suna fuskantar buƙatar tabbatar da tsararren haɗin haɗin da ba a san shi ba, sau da yawa tare da m sauya adireshin IP tare da mai masauki a cikin wata ƙasa. Fasahar da ake kira VPN tana taimakawa wajen aiwatar da irin wannan aiki. Daga mai amfani kawai yana buƙatar sakawa a kan PC duk abubuwanda ake buƙata kuma haɗa.

Wasu lokuta masu amfani suna fuskantar hasara ko sharewa na fayiloli masu mahimmanci. Lokacin da irin wannan yanayin ya taso, babu abin da ya rage don yi sai ƙoƙarin maido da komai tare da taimakon ƙwararrun abubuwan amfani. Suna bincika bangare na rumbun kwamfutarka, gano abubuwan da suka lalace ko abubuwan da aka goge a baya suna ƙoƙarin dawo dasu.

Wasu masu amfani suna sha'awar ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwar mai zaman kanta tsakanin kwamfutoci biyu. An cimma nasarar aikin ta amfani da fasaha na VPN (Cibiyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta). Ana aiwatar da haɗin ta hanyar buɗe ko rufe abubuwan amfani da shirye-shirye. Bayan nasarar shigarwa da kuma daidaitawa na abubuwan da aka gyara, ana iya ɗaukar hanyar yin kammala, kuma ana kiyaye haɗin.

Babban aiki gama gari tsakanin masu amfani shine shigar da tsarin aiki guda biyu a gefe. Mafi yawan lokuta Windows ne kuma ɗayan rarrabawa gwargwadon ƙwaƙwalwar Linux. Wasu lokuta tare da irin wannan shigarwa, matsaloli suna tasowa tare da bootloader, wato, ba a ɗaukar OS na biyu ba. Sannan dole ne a mayar da ita kanta, canza sigogin tsarin zuwa ga wadanda suka dace.

A yayin shigarwa tsarin Ubuntu, mai amfani da gata ne kawai aka ƙirƙiri tare da haƙƙin tushe da kowane damar sarrafa kwamfuta. Bayan shigarwa ya cika, samun damar bayyana don ƙirƙirar adadin marasa iyaka marasa amfani, saita kowannensu na dama, babban fayil na gida, ranar cire haɗin, da sauran sigogi masu yawa.