Ana buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Linux

Amintaccen haɗin haɗin nodes na cibiyar sadarwa da musayar bayanai tsakanin su suna da alaƙa kai tsaye da tashar jiragen ruwa. Ana yin haɗi da watsa zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar ta hanyar takamaiman tashar jiragen ruwa, kuma idan an rufe shi a cikin tsarin, ba zai yiwu a aiwatar da irin wannan tsari ba. Saboda wannan, wasu masu amfani suna sha'awar tura lamba ɗaya ko sama don saita hulɗar na'urar. A yau za mu nuna yadda ake gudanar da aikin a cikin tsarin sarrafawa bisa lafazin Linux.

Mun bude tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Linux

Kodayake yawancin rarrabawa suna da kayan aikin sarrafawa na cibiyar sadarwa ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, irin waɗannan mafita ba koyaushe ba da damar ba da izinin shirya buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Umarni a cikin wannan labarin zai dogara da ƙarin aikace-aikacen da ake kira Iptables, mafita don gyara saitunan wuta ta amfani da gatan superuser. A cikin dukkanin abubuwan ginawa na OS akan Linux, yana aiki iri ɗaya, sai dai cewa umarnin shigarwa ya bambanta, amma zamuyi magana game da wannan a ƙasa.

Idan kana son sanin wace mashigar ruwa ta riga ta bude a kwamfutarka, zaka iya amfani da ginanniyar ciki ko ƙarin kayan aikin injin. Zaku sami cikakkun bayanai na umarni don bincika mahimman bayanan a cikin wannan labarin ta danna kan hanyar haɗin yanar gizon da ke gaba, kuma za mu fara nazarin mataki-mataki-mataki na buɗe tashoshin jiragen ruwa.

Kara karantawa: Ganin bude tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Ubuntu

Mataki na 1: Sanya iptables kuma duba ka'idodi

Ba a fara amfani da kayan Iptables a cikin tsarin aiki ba, wanda shine dalilin da yasa kuke buƙatar shigar da shi kanku daga wurin ajiyar aikin hukuma, sannan kawai kuyi aiki tare da ƙa'idodi kuma ku canza su ta kowace hanya. Shigarwa baya ɗaukar lokaci da yawa kuma ana yin shi ta hanyar daidaitaccen wasan bidiyo.

1. Bude menu kuma ka gudu "Terminal". Hakanan zaka iya yin wannan ta amfani da daidaitaccen hotkey. Ctrl + Alt + T.



2. A kan rarraba Debian ko Ubuntu, a rubucesudo dace da iptablesdon gudanar da shigarwa, kuma a cikin tushen ginawa na Fedora -sudo yum shigar iptables. Bayan shiga, danna maɓallin Shigar.



3. Kunna hakkokin superuser ta hanyar rubuta kalmar sirri don asusunka. Lura cewa ba a nuna haruffa yayin shigar, ana yin wannan don tabbatar da aminci.



4. Jira shigarwa don kammala kuma zaka iya tabbatar da aikin kayan aikin ta hanyar duba daidaitattun jerin ƙa'idodin amfani dakayan sudo -L.

Kamar yadda kake gani, rarraba yanzu yana da umarniiptablesda alhakin sarrafa amfanin sunan guda. Har yanzu, za mu tuna cewa wannan kayan aikin yana aiki kamar tushe, don haka dole layi ya ƙunshi prefixsudo, kuma kawai sai sauran halaye da muhawara.

Mataki na 2: Inganta sadarwa

Babu tashoshin jiragen ruwa da za su yi aiki koyaushe idan mai amfani ya hana musayar bayanai a matakin ka'idodinta na Wuta. Bugu da kari, Rashin mahimman dokoki a nan gaba na iya haifar da kurakurai daban-daban yayin turawa, saboda haka muna bada shawara sosai cewa ku bi waɗannan matakan:

1. Tabbatar cewa babu dokoki a cikin fayil ɗin sanyi. Zai fi kyau a rubuta umarni a share su nan da nan, amma ga alama:kayan sudo -F.



2. Yanzu muna ƙara doka don shigar da bayanai akan kwamfutar gida ta hanyar saka layisudo iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT.



3. Game da wannan umurnin -sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT- yana da alhakin sabuwar dokar don aika bayani.



4. Ya rage kawai don tabbatar da hulɗar al'ada na ka'idodin da ke sama don uwar garken ta iya aika fakiti. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar haramta sabbin haɗin, tsoffin kuma don ba da izini. Anyi wannan ta hanyarsudo iptables -A INPUT -m jihar --TATUWAN DA AKA SANTA, SAURARA -J ACCEPT.

Godiya ga sigogi na sama, kun tabbatar da daidaiton aikawa da karɓar bayanai, wanda zai ba ku damar yin hulɗa tare da sabar sauƙaƙe ko wata kwamfuta. Zai rage kawai a bude tashoshin jiragen ruwa wanda za'ayi wannan hulɗa.

Mataki na 3: Bude tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ake buƙata

Kun riga kun san ƙimar abin da ake ƙara sabbin ƙa'idoji a cikin abubuwan Iptables. Akwai muhawara da yawa don buɗe wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Bari mu kalli wannan hanyar ta amfani da misalin mashahurai mashigai da aka ƙidaya 22 da 80.

1. Kaddamar da na'ura wasan bidiyo kuma shigar da umarni biyu bi da bi:

   sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dakatar 22 -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dd 80 -j ACCEPT.



2. Yanzu bincika jerin ƙa'idodin don tabbatar da cewa an gama shigar da tashar jiragen ruwa cikin nasara. Anyi amfani da wannan umarnin da aka riga aka sabakayan sudo -L.



3. Kuna iya ba shi kallon da ake iya karantawa da nuna duk cikakkun bayanai ta amfani da ƙarin hujja, to layin zai zama kamar haka:kayan sudo -nvL.



4. Canja manufar zuwa daidaitaccen tasudo iptables -P INPUT DROPkuma zaka iya fara aiki tsakanin nodes.

A cikin yanayin lokacin da mai kula da kwamfutar ya riga ya shigar da dokokinsa a cikin kayan aiki, ya shirya zubar da fakiti lokacin da aka kusanci batun, misali, ta hanyarsudo iptables -A INPUT -j DROPkana bukatar amfani da wani sudo iptables umarnin:-I INPUT -p tcp --dakarar 1924 -j ACCEPTina 1924 - lambar tashar jiragen ruwa. Yana ƙara tashar tashar da ake buƙata a farkon sarkar, sannan ba a zubar da fakiti ba.

Sannan zaka iya rubuta layi ɗayakayan sudo -Lkuma a tabbata cewa komai an daidaita shi daidai.

Yanzu kun san yadda ake tura mashigai a kan hanyoyin sarrafawa ta Linux ta amfani da ƙarin amfanin iptables azaman misali. Muna ba da shawara ka bi layin da ya bayyana a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo yayin shigar da umarni, wannan zai taimaka wajen gano kowane kuskure a cikin lokaci da sauri kawar da su.