Babbar hare-hare ta yanar gizo mafi girma a tarihin yanar gizo ta zamani

Harin cyber na farko a duniya ya faru ne shekaru talatin da suka gabata - a cikin shekarar 1988. Ga Amurka ta Amurka, inda dubun-dubatar kwamfutoci suka kamu da kwayar cutar a cikin kwanaki da yawa, sabon bugun ya zama abin ban mamaki. Yanzu ya zama mafi wahalar kama masana tsaro na kwamfuta kwatsam, amma cybercriminals a duniya har yanzu suna samun nasara. Bayan haka, duk abin da mutum zai faɗi, mafi girman harin cyber an yi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen gwanaye. Abin tausayi ne kawai don su karkatar da iliminsu da kwarewar su zuwa wurin da bai dace ba.

Babbar cyberattacks

Saƙonni game da ƙwayoyin cuta na ɓoye lambobi waɗanda ke kai hare-hare kwamfutoci a duniya suna bayyana kullun akan saƙonnin labarai. Kuma mafi nisan, mafi girman girman harin cyber. Anan akwai guda goma daga cikinsu: wadanda suka fi tayarda hankali kuma mafi mahimmanci ga tarihin irin wannan nau'in aikata laifuka.

Morris Macijin 1988

A yau floppy disk tare da lambar tushe na tsutsa Morris alama ce ta kayan gargajiya. Kuna iya bincika sa a cikin gidan kayan tarihin kimiyya na Boston. Tsohon maigidansa dalibi ne mai digiri na biyu Robert Tappan Morris, wanda ya kirkiro ɗayan tsutsotsi ta farko ta Intanet kuma suka aiwatar da shi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 1988. A sakamakon haka, 6,000 na yanar gizo masu rauni a cikin Amurka, kuma yawan lalacewa daga wannan ya kai dala miliyan 96.5.
Don yin yaƙi da tsutsa, an kawo kwararrun jami'an tsaro na kwamfuta. Koyaya, basu iya yin lissafin mahaliccin kwayar ba. Morris da kansa ya mika wuya ga 'yan sanda - saboda nacewar mahaifinsa, wanda shi ma ya shiga harkar komputa.

Chernobyl, 1998

Wannan cutar ta kwamfuta tana da wasu sunaye. Hakanan ana kiranta da "Chih" ko CIH. Kwayar cutar ta asalin Taiwan ce. A watan Yuni na 1998, wani ɗalibin ɗan ƙasa wanda ya tsara shirin fara harin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kwamfutoci na sirri a duniya a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1999 - ranar tunawa da shekara ta gaba na hadarin Chernobyl. Wani “bam” da aka rigaya ya yi aiki a sarari a kan lokaci, inda ya buga rabin kwamfutoci miliyan a duniya. A lokaci guda, masu cutar ta yi nasarar aiwatar da wahalar har zuwa yanzu - don hana kayan aikin kwamfutoci ta hanyar bugun Flash BIOS.

Melissa, 1999

Melissa ita ce farkon malware da aka aiko ta imel. A cikin Maris 1999, ya gurgu da sabbin manyan kamfanonin da ke duniya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar kwayar cutar ta haifar da saƙonnin ƙwayar cuta da yawa, yana haifar da babban iko akan sabobin mail. A lokaci guda, aikinsu ko dai ya rage aiki sosai, ko kuma ya daina aiki gabaɗaya. An kiyasta lalacewar daga kwayar cutar Melissa ga masu amfani da kamfanoni a $ 80 miliyan. Bugu da kari, ya zama "magabacin" sabon nau'in kwayar cutar.

Mafiaboy, 2000

Wannan shi ne ɗayan harin farko na DDoS a duniya wanda ɗalibin ɗan Kanada ɗan shekara 16 ya ƙaddamar. A watan Fabrairu na 2000, an bugi wuraren da suka shahara a duniya (daga Amazon har zuwa Yahoo), wanda dan gwanin kwamfuta ya iya gano yanayin cutar. Sakamakon haka, ya lalata aikin albarkatun kusan kusan mako guda. Lalacewa daga cikakken sikelin ya juya ya zama mai matukar muni, an kiyasta dala biliyan 1.2.

Ruwan sama na 2003

Wannan shi ne sunan jerin munanan hare-hare ta yanar gizo, wanda a cikin 2003 ya shafi kamfanoni masana'antu na tsaro da dama da kuma wasu hukumomin gwamnatin Amurka. Manufar masu satar shiga yanar gizo ita ce samun damar amfani da bayanai masu mahimmanci. Kwararren masanin harkar komputa Sean Carpenter ya yi kokarin gano wadanda suka kawo harin (amma ya fito daga lardin Guangdong na China). Ya yi aiki mai girma, amma maimakon laurels na wanda ya ci nasara, ya ƙare cikin matsala. FBI ta yi la’akari da hanyoyin Sean ba daidai ba ne, saboda a yayin bincikensa ya aiwatar da "shiga ba tare da izini ba ga kwamfyutan kasashen waje."

Cabir 2004

Useswayoyin cuta sun isa wayoyin hannu a cikin 2004. Daga nan sai wani shiri ya bayyana wanda ya ji kansa tare da rubutu "Cabire", wanda aka nuna akan allon wayar hannu a duk lokacin da aka kunna shi. A lokaci guda, ƙwayar, ta amfani da fasaha ta Bluetooth, tayi ƙoƙarin cutar da sauran wayoyin hannu. Kuma wannan ya shafi cajin na’urorin, ya isa tsawan awanni biyu a yanayin da ya fi dacewa.

Cyberattack akan Estonia, 2007

Abin da ya faru a watan Afrilun 2007 ana iya kiransa yakin cyber na farko ba tare da ƙari ba. Bayan haka, a cikin Estonia, gwamnatocin yanar gizo da masu kuɗi sun tafi layi don layi don kamfani tare da albarkatun likita da sabis na kan layi. Harkar ta zama mai iya aiki sosai, saboda a Estonia a wancan lokacin gwamnatin e-tuni ta fara aiki, kuma biyan bashin banki ya kusan kasancewa ta yanar gizo. The cyberattack shan wahala gaba daya jihar. Haka kuma, wannan ya faru ne a kan koma bayan zanga-zangar da jama'a suka yi a cikin kasar dangane da mika abin tunawa da sojoji ga sojojin Soviet na yakin duniya na biyu.

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Zeus 2007

Shirin Trojan ya fara yada ne a shafukan sada zumunta a 2007. Masu amfani da Facebook wadanda suka karbi imel tare da hotunan da aka makala a wurin su ne suka fara shan wahala. Yunkurin buɗe hoton ya zama cewa mai amfani ya hau shafin shafukan yanar gizon da cutar ta kamu da cutar ta ZeuS. A wannan yanayin, shirin mugunta nan da nan ya ratsa tsarin kwamfutar, ya sami bayanan sirri na mai shi na PC kuma da sauri janye kuɗi daga asusun mutum a bankunan Turai. Rikicin kwayar cutar ya shafi masu amfani da Jamusawa, Italiya da Spain. Jimlar lalacewar ta kai dala biliyan 42.

Gauss 2012

Wannan kwayar cutar - wata hanyar banki wacce ke satar bayanan kudi daga kwamfyutocin da ke kamuwa da ita - Amurkawa da hajojin hajja ne suka kirkireshi a cikin tandem. A cikin 2012, lokacin da Gauss ya mamaye bankunan Libya, Isra'ila da Palestine, an dauke shi a matsayin makamin cyber. Babban aikin cyberattack, kamar yadda ya juya daga baya, shine tabbatar da bayanai game da yiwuwar asirin taimakon terroristsan ta'adda ta bankunan Lebanon.

WannaCry 2017

Kwamfuta 300,000 da ƙasashe 150 na duniya - waɗannan sune ƙididdiga akan waɗanda ke fama da wannan ƙwayar cuta ta ɓoyewa. A cikin 2017, a sassa daban-daban na duniya, ya shiga cikin kwamfutoci na sirri tare da tsarin aiki na Windows (yana amfani da gaskiyar cewa ba su da wannan sabbin abubuwan da suka zama dole), ya hana damar amfani da abin da ke cikin rumbun kwamfutarka zuwa ga masu, amma ya yi alkawarin dawo da shi a kan dala 300. Wadanda suka ki biyan diyyar sun bata dukkan bayanan da aka kama. An kiyasta lalacewar daga WannaCry a dala biliyan 1. Har yanzu ba a san asalin sa ba, an yi imanin cewa masu haɓaka DPRK suna da hannu wajen ƙirƙirar ƙwayar cutar.

Kwararrun masanan kimiyya a duk duniya suna cewa: masu laifi suna yin kan layi, kuma suna tsabtace bankuna ba a lokacin hare-haren ba, amma tare da taimakon ƙwayoyin cuta marasa kyau da aka gabatar a cikin tsarin. Kuma wannan alama ce ga kowane mai amfani: don yin hankali tare da keɓaɓɓun bayanan su akan hanyar sadarwa, don kare bayanai akan asusun ajiyar kuɗin su da dogaro, kuma kada ku manta da canjin kalmomin kullun.