Mutane da yawa suna tunanin yadda za a adana bayanai na shekaru, da waɗanda ba su, ba za su iya sani kawai cewa CD tare da hotuna daga bikin aure, bidiyon daga matinee na yara ko wasu dangi da bayanan aikin da alama ba za a iya karantawa ba bayan shekaru 5 -10. Ina tunanin shi. Ta yaya, don adana wannan bayanan?
A cikin wannan labarin zan yi kokarin gaya muku dalla-dalla gwargwadon iko game da abin da ya kori ɗakunan bayanai a amintacce kuma wanne ne ba su ba kuma menene lokacin ajiyar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban, inda zan adana bayanai, hotuna, takardu da kuma wane nau'in yin shi. Don haka, manufarmu ita ce tabbatar da aminci da wadatar bayanai na mafi girman lokacin yiwuwar, aƙalla shekaru 100.
Babban ka'idodi don adana bayanan da ke kara rayuwarsa
Akwai mahimman ka'idodi waɗanda suka shafi kowane nau'in bayani, shin hotuna ne, rubutu ko fayiloli, kuma waɗanda zasu iya haɓaka damar samun nasarar hakan a nan gaba, a tsakanin su:
- Mafi girman adadin korafe-korafen, da alama akwai bayanan za su dawwama cikin dogon lokaci: littafin da aka buga a cikin kwafe miliyan, hoto da aka buga a cikin kofe da yawa ga kowane dangi da adana shi cikin lambobi daban-daban kuma watakila za a adana shi kuma zai kasance mai dorewa na dogon lokaci.
- Dole ne a guji hanyoyin da ba daidaitattun hanyoyin adana abubuwa ba (a kowane yanayi, a matsayin hanya ɗaya kawai), ƙwararrun abubuwa da kayan mallakar mallaka, yaruka (alal misali, ya fi kyau ayi amfani da ODF da TXT don takaddun, maimakon DOCX da DOC).
- Yakamata a adana bayanan a cikin tsari marasa tsari kuma a cikin tsari wanda ba a haɗa shi ba - in ba haka ba, har ma da ƙaramin lalacewa ga amincin bayanai na iya sa duk bayanan ya zama mara amfani. Misali, idan kana son adana fayilolin mai jarida na dogon lokaci, to WAV ya fi kyau don sauti, uncompressed RAW, TIFF da BMP don hotuna, firam ɗin bidiyo marasa kyan gani, DV, kodayake wannan ba zai yiwu gaba ɗaya a gida ba, an ba da adadin bidiyo a cikin waɗannan tsarukan.
- Bincika akai-akai duba amincin da kuma kasancewarar bayanai, sake adana ta ta amfani da sabbin hanyoyin da na'urorin da suka bayyana.
Don haka, tare da manyan ra'ayoyin da za su taimaka mana mu bar hoto daga wayar zuwa jikokin jikokinsa, mun tantance shi, za mu juya ga bayanai game da tutocin daban-daban.
Na'urorin gargajiya da bayanan lokacin riƙe su akan su
Hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su don adana nau'ikan bayanai a yau sune rumbun kwamfyuta, Flash Drive (SSD, USB flash dras, katunan ƙwaƙwalwa), firikwensin gani (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray) kuma baya da alaƙa da tafiyarwa, amma kuma yin aiki iri ɗaya gajimare. ajiya (Dropbox, Yandex Disk, Google Drive, OneDrive).
Wanne daga cikin hanyoyin masu zuwa ne ingantacciyar hanya don adana bayanai? Na ba da shawarar yin la'akari da su da kyau (Ina magana ne kawai game da hanyoyin gida: masu ɓarna, alal misali, ba zan yi la'akari da su ba):
- Hard tafiyarwa - HDD na al'ada ana amfani da su sau da yawa don adana bayanai da yawa. A cikin amfani na yau da kullun, matsakaicin rayuwarsu shine 3-10 shekaru (wannan bambanci shine saboda duka dalilai na waje da kuma ingancin na'urar). A lokaci guda: idan ka rubuta bayani akan rumbun kwamfutarka, cire shi daga kwamfutar ka sanya shi cikin aljihun tebur, sannan za a iya karanta bayanan ba tare da kurakurai ba na kusan tsawon lokaci guda. Adana bayanai a kan rumbun kwamfutarka ya dogara da tasirin waje: kowane, har ma da tsaurara mai girgizawa da girgizawa, zuwa ƙarancin wurare - filayen magnetic, na iya haifar da gazawar tuki.
- USB Flash SSD - Flash tafiyarwa suna da matsakaicin rayuwar kusan 5. A lokaci guda, filasha filastik na yau da kullun suna kasawa da wuri fiye da wannan lokacin: sakin ɗimbin ɗai ɗigo ɗaya lokacin da aka haɗa komputa yana isa ya sanya bayanan da ba su dace ba. Kasancewa ga rikodin mahimman bayanai da kuma haɗin haɗin baya na SSD ko filast ɗin filasi don ajiya, lokacin samin bayanai kusan shekaru 7-8 ne.
- CD DVD Blu-Ray - na duk abubuwan da ke sama, diski na gani yana ba da mafi tsawon lokacin ajiya, wanda zai iya wuce shekaru 100, duk da haka, mafi yawan lambobi suna da alaƙa da wannan nau'ikan faifai (alal misali, DVD disc ɗin da kuka ƙone zai fi dacewa kawai rayuwa shekaru biyu), sabili da haka ana la'akari dashi daban daga baya a wannan labarin.
- Adana girgije - Ba a san lokacin riƙe bayanai a cikin gajimare na Google, Microsoft, Yandex da sauransu ba. Mafi m, za a adana su na dogon lokaci kuma yayin kasuwanci ne mai yiwuwa ga kamfanin da ke ba da sabis. Dangane da yarjejeniyar lasisi (Na karanta guda biyu, don shahararrun shaidu), waɗannan kamfanonin ba su da alhakin asarar bayanai. Kar ka manta game da yiwuwar asarar asusunka saboda ayyukan maharan da sauran yanayin da ba a tsammani ba (kuma adadinsu yana da faɗi sosai).
Don haka, mafi inganci kuma mai dorewa cikin gida a wannan lokacin shine CD mai gani (wanda zan yi rubutu dalla dalla a ƙasa). Koyaya, mafi arha kuma mafi dacewa shine dras mai ƙarfi da adana girgije. Bai kamata ku yi watsi da ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin ba, saboda amfani da haɗin gwiwa yana inganta amincin mahimman bayanai.
Adana bayanai akan fayafan diski na CD, DVD, Blu-ray
Wataƙila, da yawa daga cikinku sun sami labarin cewa ana iya adana bayanan akan CD-R ko DVD don dozin, idan ba daruruwan shekaru ba. Hakanan kuma, ina tsammanin, a tsakanin masu karatu akwai wadanda suka rubuta wani abu zuwa diski, kuma lokacin da nake son kallon ta a cikin shekara daya ko uku, ba za a iya yin wannan ba, duk da cewa tsarin karatun yana aiki. Meye lamarin?
Dalilai na yau da kullun don asarar bayanai mai sauri shine ƙarancin ingancin rakodin diski da zaɓin nau'in diski mara kyau, yanayin ajiya mara kyau da yanayin rikodin da ba daidai ba:
- Maimaita CD-RW, DVD-RW discs ba'a yi niyya ba don adana bayanai, rayuwar shiryayye ƙanana ce (idan aka kwatanta da rubutu sau ɗaya). A matsakaici, ana adana bayanai akan CD-R fiye da akan DVD-R. Dangane da gwaje-gwajen masu zaman kansu, kusan dukkanin CD-Rs sun nuna rayuwar shiryayye fiye da shekaru 15. Kashi 47 cikin dari na gwajin DVD-Rs (gwaje-gwaje da Library of Congress da National Institute of Standards) suna da sakamako iri ɗaya. Sauran gwaje-gwaje sun nuna matsakaicin rayuwar CD-R na kusan shekaru 30. Babu cikakken bayani game da Blu-ray.
- Farashin lada maras tsada wanda aka siyar a shagon saida kayan saida kayan cinikin rubles uku ba ruwansu da ajiya. Bai kamata kayi amfani da su wajen yin rikodin duk wani muhimmin bayani ba tare da adana kwafinsa kwalla ba.
- Kada kayi amfani da rakodi a cikin zaman dayawa, ana bada shawara don amfani da mafi girman saurin rikodi don diski (ta amfani da shirye-shiryen kona diskon da ya dace).
- Guji gano diski a cikin hasken rana, a cikin wasu mawuyacin yanayi (matuƙar zafin jiki, matsanancin injin, zafi mai zafi).
- Ingancin faifan rikodi kuma na iya shafar amincin bayanan da aka yi rikodin.
Zaɓi diski don bayanan rakodi
Rikodin disable na rikodin sun bambanta a cikin kayan da aka yi rikodin, nau'in farfaɗar gani, taurin ginin polycarbonate kuma, a zahiri, ingancin masana'anta. Da yake magana game da sakin layi na karshe, za'a iya lura cewa diski iri ɗaya iri ɗaya, wanda aka samar a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, na iya bambanta sosai cikin inganci.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da cyanine, phthalocyanine, ko metallized Azo azaman rikodi na fayafai na gani; ana amfani da zinari, azur, ko gwal azaman azaman jujjuyawar launi. A batun gabaɗaya, haɗarin phthalocyanine don rikodi (azaman mafi tsayayyen abubuwan da ke sama) da wani yanki mai launi na zinare (zinari shine mafi kayan inert, wasu ya kamata a oxidized) yakamata suyi kyau. Koyaya, diski mai inganci na iya samun wasu haɗuwa na waɗannan halaye.
Abin takaici, a cikin Rasha, ba a sayar da fayafai don adana bayanan ajiya ba; a Intanet, an sami kantin sayar da kaya guda ɗaya mai sayar da DVD-R Mitsui MAM-A Gold Archival da JVC Taiyo Yuden kan farashi mai ban sha'awa, har da Verbatim UltraLife Gold Archival, wanda Kamar yadda na fahimta, shagon kan layi yana shigowa daga Amurka. Duk waɗannan shugabanni ne a fagen adana bayanai sannan kuma sun yi alkawarin adana bayanai na kusan shekaru 100 (kuma Mitsui ya yi shelar shekaru 300 na CD-Rs).
Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, zaku iya haɗawa da diski na dilan Delkin Archival a cikin jerin mafi kyawun diski mai rikodin, wanda ban samo ba a cikin Rasha. Koyaya, koyaushe zaka iya sayan waɗannan diski a Amazon.com ko a wani kantin sayar da kan layi na ƙasashen waje.
Daga cikin manyan fayafai na yau da kullun ana iya samu a Russia kuma wanda zai iya adana bayanai don shekaru goma ko fiye, masu ingancin sun haɗa da:
- Verbatim, wanda aka ƙera a Indiya, Singapore, UAE ko Taiwan.
- Sony wanda aka yi a Taiwan.
"Suna iya ajiyewa" ya shafi dukkan tashoshin rijistar Goldval da aka jera a sama - bayan duk wannan, wannan ba garantin ne na adana su ba, saboda haka kar ku manta da ka'idodin da aka jera a farkon labarin.
Kuma yanzu, kula da zane a ƙasa, wanda ke nuna karuwar adadin kurakurai a cikin diski na gani, ya danganta da tsawon zaman su a cikin kyamara tare da yanayin tashin hankali. Shafin zane ne na talla, kuma ba a yiwa kwatancen lokacin, amma yana bukatar tambaya: wane irin nau'ikan alama ne - Millenniata, wanda babu fa'idojin diski. Zan fada muku yanzu.
Diski Millenniata
Millenniata yana ba da M-Disk DVD-R da M-Disk Blu-ray discs tare da rayuwar ajiya na bidiyo, hotuna, takardu da sauran bayanan har zuwa shekaru 1000. Babban bambanci tsakanin M-Disk da sauran rikodin rikodin rikodin rikice shine amfani da inorganic Layer na carbony gilashi don yin rikodi (sauran fayafai suna amfani da kwayoyin): kayan yana da tsayayya ga lalata, tasirin zafin jiki da haske, danshi, acid, alkalis da sauran ƙarfi, kwatankwaci a cikin tauri zuwa ma'adini .
A lokaci guda, idan canza launin fim na kwayoyin halitta ya canza akan diski na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin rinjayar Laser, to, ramuka a cikin kayan suna zahiri ƙone a cikin M-Disk (ko da yake ba a bayyana inda kayan konewa suke ba). A matsayin tushen, ga alama, ba ma ana amfani da yawancin polycarbonate talakawa ba. A ɗayan bidiyo na gabatarwa, an dafa faifan ruwa a ruwa, sannan a sa a cikin kankara mai bushe, har ma da gasa a cikin pizza kuma bayan hakan ya ci gaba da aiki.
A Rasha, ban sami waɗannan fayafai ba, amma a kan Amazon guda suna kasancewa a cikin wadatattun yawa kuma ba su da tsada (kimanin 100 rubles don DVD-R-DVD da 200 don Blu-Ray). A lokaci guda, diski yana dacewa don karantawa tare da duk faifai na zamani. Tun daga Oktoba 2014, Millenniata fara haɗin gwiwa tare da Verbatim, don haka ba ni ware yiwuwar cewa waɗannan faya-fayan ba da daɗewa ba zasu zama sanannun jama'a. Kodayake, Ban tabbata ba game da kasuwarmu.
Game da rikodin, don ƙona DVD-R na M-Disk, kuna buƙatar ingantaccen drive tare da tambarin M-Disk, tunda suna amfani da Laser mafi ƙarfi (kuma, ba mu sami irin waɗannan ba, amma a kan Amazon, daga 2.5 dubu rubles) . Don yin rikodin M-Disk Blu-Ray, duk wani abin hawa na zamani don ƙona wannan nau'in diski ya dace.
Na shirya don samun irin wannan tuki da saitin M-Disk mai tsabta a cikin wata mai zuwa ko biyu kuma, idan ba zato ba tsammani taken yana da ban sha'awa (bayanin kula a cikin maganganun, da kuma raba labarin a shafukan yanar gizo), zan iya gwaji tare da tafasawa, sanya shi a cikin sanyi da sauran tasirin, idan aka kwatanta da diski na al'ada tare da yin rubutu game da shi (ko wataƙila ba ni da saurin ɗaukar hoto).
A hanyar, zan gama labarin na game da inda zan adana bayanai: duk abin da na sani an faɗa.
