Wataƙila kun ji cewa Wutar Windows 7 ko Windows 8 (da kowane sauran tsarin aiki don kwamfuta) muhimmin abu ne na kariyar tsarin. Amma ka san daidai abin da yake da abin da yake yi? Mutane dayawa basu sani ba. A cikin wannan labarin zan yi kokarin shahara kan magana game da abin da ke wuta (ana kuma kiranta wuta), me yasa ake buƙata da wasu ƙarin abubuwa masu alaƙa da batun. An tsara wannan labarin don farawa.
Babban jigon gidan wuta shine cewa yana sarrafawa ko tace duk zirga zirgar zirga zirga (bayanan da aka watsa ta hanyar yanar gizo) tsakanin kwamfutar (ko kuma hanyar yanar gizon yankin) da sauran hanyoyin sadarwa, kamar Intanet, wanda yafi kama. Ba tare da amfani da makami ba, kowane nau'in zirga-zirgar zai iya wucewa. Lokacin da aka kunna Tacewar zaɓi, kawai zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar zirga-zirga na hanyar da ke ba da izinin shiga ta hanyar Firewall.
Dubi kuma: yadda za a kashe Windows Firewall (kashe Windows Tacewar zaɓi za a buƙaci aiki ko shigar da shirye-shiryen)
Dalilin da yasa a cikin Windows 7 da sababbin juzu'ai alamar gidan wuta wani ɓangare ne na tsarin
Windows 8 Firewall
Yawancin masu amfani a yau suna amfani da masu ba da hanya don samun damar yanar gizo daga na'urori da yawa a lokaci daya, wanda, ainihin, shima nau'in wuta ne. Lokacin amfani da haɗin Intanet kai tsaye ta hanyar kebul ko DSL modem, ana sanya kwamfutar adireshin IP na jama'a, wanda za'a iya samun damar daga kowace kwamfuta akan hanyar sadarwa. Duk wani sabis na hanyar sadarwa da ke gudana a kwamfutarka, kamar ayyukan Windows don raba firintocin ko fayiloli, tebur mai nisa, na iya kasancewa don wasu kwamfutocin. A lokaci guda, koda kun kashe nesa ga wasu sabis, barazanar haɗari mai cutarwa har yanzu ya kasance - da farko, saboda matsakaicin mai amfani yana da ɗan tunani game da abin da ke gudana a kan Windows OS kuma yana jiran haɗin mai shigowa, kuma na biyu saboda daban Irin nau'in ramuka na tsaro wanda zai baka damar haɗi zuwa sabis na nesa a cikin waɗancan maganganun lokacin da yake gudana kawai, koda kuwa an hana haɗi mai shiga zuwa gare ta. Tacewar zaɓi kawai baya bada izinin aika buƙatun sabis ta amfani da yanayin rauni.
Siffar farko ta Windows XP, da sigogin Windows ɗin da suka gabata, ba su da ginanniyar takaddara wuta. Kuma kawai tare da sakin Windows XP, kewayon yanar gizo ya hadu. Rashin wuta a cikin isar da saƙo, da kuma karancin karatu na masu amfani dangane da tsaron Intanet, ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa duk komputa da ke da yanar gizo tare da Windows XP za a iya kamuwa da ita a cikin 'yan mintina kaɗan idan har aka yi niyya.
Farkon Wuta ta Windows ta farko an gabatar dashi a cikin Windows XP Service Pack 2 kuma tun daga wannan lokacin ne aka kunna Farkon wuta a dukkan sigogin tsarin aiki. Kuma waɗancan ayyukan da muka ambata a sama yanzu sun keɓance daga hanyoyin yanar gizo na waje, kuma Wutar ta ƙona duk hanyoyin sadarwa mai shigowa ba sai an ba da izini sosai ba a tsarin saitunan wuta.
Wannan yana hana sauran kwamfutoci daga haɗi zuwa Intanet ɗin daga haɗi zuwa sabis na gida akan kwamfutarka kuma, ƙari, yana sarrafa damar samun sabis na cibiyar sadarwarka daga cibiyar sadarwarka ta gida. A saboda wannan dalili, duk lokacin da kuka yi amfani da sabon cibiyar yanar gizo, Windows suna tambaya ko babbar hanyar sadarwa ce ta gida, wacce ke aiki, ko ta jama'a. Idan aka haɗa shi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar gida, Windows Firewall tana ba da damar yin amfani da waɗannan ayyukan, kuma idan aka haɗa shi da hanyar yanar gizo, tana musanta samun dama.
Sauran fasalullan wuta
Gidan wuta yana da shinge (saboda haka sunan wasan wuta - daga Ingilishi "bango na wuta") tsakanin cibiyar sadarwa ta waje da kwamfutar (ko cibiyar sadarwar yanki), wanda ke karkashin kariyarta. Babban fasalin tsaro na gidan wuta don amfanin gida shine toshe duk hanyoyin shiga yanar gizo da ba'a sonsu. Koyaya, wannan yayi nesa da duk abinda wuta take iya yi. Idan akayi la’akari da makamin na “tsakanin” cibiyar sadarwar ne da kwamfutar, ana iya amfani da shi wajen tantance duk zirga-zirgar hanyar shigowa da masu fita sannan kuma yanke hukuncin abin da za ayi da shi. Misali, ana iya saita wuta ta hanyar toshe wani nau'in zirga-zirgar mai fita, dan shiga ayyukan shakatar ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa, ko duk hanyoyin sadarwa.
A cikin Windows Firewall, zaku iya saita ƙa'idodi iri iri waɗanda zasu ba da izinin ko hana wasu nau'ikan zirga-zirga. Misali, haɗin haɗi mai shigowa kawai za'a iya ba da izini daga uwar garken tare da takamaiman adireshin IP, kuma duk wasu buƙatun ba za a ƙi ba (wannan na iya zama da amfani lokacin da kuke buƙatar haɗi zuwa shirin akan komputa daga kwamfutar aiki, kodayake yana da kyau a yi amfani da VPN).
Fasahar wuta ba koyaushe software bane kamar sanannun Windows Firewall. A cikin ɓangarorin kamfanoni, ana iya amfani da ingantaccen software da kayan aikin kayan aikin da ke aiwatar da ayyukan aikin wuta.
Idan kuna da Wi-Fi na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa (ko kuma kawai na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa) a gida, shima yana aiki kamar nau'ikan wuta ta kayan masarufi, godiya ga aikinta na NAT, wanda ke hana damar zuwa kwamfutocin waje da sauran na'urorin da suke da alaƙa.
