Daya daga cikin matsalolin da masu amfani da Windows 10, 8 da Windows 7 ke fuskanta shine diski mai wuya (HDD da SSD) ko kuma bangare na diski tare da tsarin fayil na RAW. Wannan yawanci yana tare da saƙo "Don amfani da faifai, tsara shi farko" da "Ba a san tsarin fayil ɗin girma ba", kuma lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin bincika irin wannan faifai ta amfani da kayan aikin Windows na yau da kullun, zaku ga saƙon "CHKDSK ba shi da inganci don diski diski."
Tsarin faifai na RAW wani nau'i ne na “rashin tsari”, ko kuma, tsarin fayil akan faifai: wannan yana faruwa tare da sabbin fa'idodin diski ko ƙaranci, kuma a cikin yanayi inda babu dalili faifan ya zama tsarin RAW - galibi saboda tsarin kasawa , rufe ƙarancin kwamfutar ko matsalolin wutar lantarki, yayin da a ƙarshen magana, bayanan da ke kan faifai galibi suna nan a ciki. Lura: wani lokacin ana nuna diski a matsayin RAW idan ba a tallafawa tsarin fayil ɗin a cikin OS na yanzu ba, a cikin abin da ya kamata ku ɗauki matakai don buɗe bangare a cikin OS wanda zai iya aiki tare da wannan tsarin fayil.
Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi cikakkun bayanai game da yadda za a gyara faifai tare da tsarin fayil na RAW a cikin yanayi daban-daban: lokacin da yake da bayanai, ana buƙatar sake dawo da tsarin zuwa tsarin fayil ɗin da ya gabata daga RAW, ko lokacin da kowane mahimman bayanai akan HDD ko SSD suka ɓace da tsarawa. diski ba matsala.
Duba disk don kurakurai kuma gyara kurakuran tsarin fayil
Wannan zaɓi shine abu na farko da za'a gwada a duk yanayin ɓangaren RAW ko faifai. Ba koyaushe yake aiki ba, amma yana da aminci da amfani duka a lokuta inda matsalar ta tashi tare da faifai ko ɓangaren bayanai, kuma idan RAW disk disk ɗin Windows ne kuma OS ɗin ba ta birgewa.
Idan tsarin aiki yana gudana, kawai bi waɗannan matakan
- Gudun layin umarni azaman mai gudanarwa (a Windows 10 da 8, wannan shine mafi sauƙi don yin ta hanyar Win + X menu, wanda kuma za'a iya kiran shi ta danna-dama a maɓallin Fara).
- Shigar da umarni chkdsk d: / f kuma latsa Shigar (a cikin wannan umarnin d: harafin RAW disk wanda yake buƙatar gyarawa).
Bayan wannan, akwai yanayin yiwuwar abubuwa biyu: idan faifan ya zama RAW saboda ƙarancin tsarin fayil mai sauƙi, ƙaddamar za ta fara kuma tare da babban damar za ku ga faifanku a cikin tsarin da ake so (yawanci NTFS) a ƙarshen. Idan batun ya fi tsanani, to umurnin zai fito da cewa "CHKDSK ba shi da inganci don disks ɗin RAW." Wannan yana nufin cewa wannan hanyar ba ta dace da dawo da faifai ba.
A cikin waɗannan yanayin lokacin da tsarin aiki bai fara ba, zaku iya amfani da fayel ɗin dawo da Windows 10, 8 ko Windows 7 ko kayan rarraba tare da tsarin aiki, alal misali, kebul ɗin USB mai bootable (zan ba da misali ga shari'ar ta biyu):
- Mun ɗora daga kayan rarraba (zurfin bit ɗinsa ya dace da zurfin bit ɗin OS ɗin da aka shigar).
- Bayan haka, ko dai akan allon bayan zabar yare, zaɓi “Restore System” a cikin ƙananan hagu, sannan buɗe layin umarni, ko danna Latsa Shift + F10 don buɗe shi (akan wasu kwamfyutocin Shift + Fn + F10).
- Layin umarni don amfani da umarnin
- faifai
- jerin abubuwa (a sakamakon wannan umarnin, muna bincika a wace wasiƙar faifan matsalar take a halin yanzu, ko kuma, daidai dai, ɓangaren, tunda wannan wasiƙar na iya bambanta da wacce ke kan tsarin aiki).
- ficewa
- chkdsk d: / f (inda d: shi ne harafin matsalar diski da muka koya a mataki na 5).
A nan yanayin yiwuwar abu ɗaya ne da waɗanda aka ambata a baya: ko dai komai zai daidaita kuma bayan an sake tsarin zai fara a hanyar da ta saba, ko kuma za ku ga saƙo yana nuna cewa ba za ku iya amfani da chkdsk tare da faifan RAW ba, to muna bincika hanyoyin masu zuwa.
Tsarin faifai na diski ko RAW ɗin ɓoye idan babu mahimman bayanai a kai
Magana ta farko ita ce mafi sauki: ya dace a cikin yanayi inda kake lura da tsarin fayil ɗin RAW akan sabon faifan da aka saya (wannan al'ada ce) ko kuma idan faifan data kasance ko bangare a kanta yana da wannan tsarin fayil ɗin amma ba shi da mahimman bayanai, wato, mayar da wanda ya gabata. Tsarin faifai baya buƙatar.
A irin wannan yanayin, zamu iya tsara wannan diski ko bangare ta amfani da kayan aikin Windows na yau da kullun (a zahiri, zaku iya yarda da tayin tsara bayanai a cikin "" Don amfani da faifai, fara tsara ta)
- Gudanar da Windows Disk Management mai amfani. Don yin wannan, danna maɓallan Win + R akan maɓallin kuma shigar diskmgmt.mscsai ka latsa Shigar.
- Ikon sarrafa diski zai buɗe. A ciki, kaɗa dama akan maɓallin bangare ko kuma RAW drive, sannan zaɓi "Tsari." Idan aikin ba shi da ƙarfi, kuma muna magana ne game da sabon faifai, to dama danna kan sunanta (hagu) zaɓi zaɓi "Initialize Disk", sannan bayan ƙaddamarwa, shima sai an tsara sashen RAW.
- Lokacin tsarawa, kuna buƙatar kawai bayyana alamar girma da tsarin fayil da ake so, yawanci NTFS.
Idan saboda wasu dalilai baza ku iya tsara diski ta wannan hanyar ba, gwada danna-danna ta bangare RAW (disk) da farko “Share girma”, sannan danna kan yankin diski da ba'a rarraba shi ba kuma “Createirƙiri ƙarar mai sauƙi”. Maƙallin Halittar Volumearar yana motsa ka tantance harafin tuƙin kuma tsara shi a tsarin fayil da ake so.
Lura: duk hanyoyin dawo da RAW bangare ko faifai suna amfani da tsarin bangare da aka nuna a cikin sikirin a kasa: GPT system disk tare da Windows 10, bootable EFI bangare, maida yanayin, bangare tsarin da E: bangare, wanda aka ayyana shi azaman tsarin fayil na RAW (wannan bayanin , Ina tsammanin, zai taimaka mafi kyau don fahimtar matakan da aka bayyana a ƙasa).
Sake raba NTFS daga RAW zuwa DMDE
Zai zama daɗi sosai idan faifan da ya zama RAW yana da mahimman bayanai kuma ya wajaba ba kawai don tsara shi ba, amma don dawo da bangare tare da wannan bayanan.
A cikin wannan halin, ga masu farawa, Ina ba da shawarar gwada shirye-shiryen kyauta don dawo da bayanai da ɓoyayyiyar rashi (kuma ba kawai don wannan ba) DMDE, wanda shafin yanar gizonsa shine dmde.ru (Wannan jagorar yana amfani da sigar shirin GUI na Windows). Cikakkun bayanai game da amfani da shirin: Mayar da bayanai a cikin DMDE.
Tsarin dawo da wani bangare daga RAW a cikin shirin gaba daya ya kunshi wadannan matakai:
- Zaɓi faifai na jiki wanda ɓangaren RAW ɗin yake kasancewa (bar akwatin "show bangare" kunna.
- Idan aka nuna ɓataccen bangare a cikin jerin ɓangaren DMDE (ana iya ƙaddara shi ta tsarin fayil, girmansa da ɗaukar hoto akan gunkin), zaɓi shi kuma danna "Buɗe "ara". Idan bai bayyana ba, gudanar da cikakken scan don nemo shi.
- Binciki abubuwan da ke cikin sashin, shin abin da kuke buƙata ne. Idan ee ee, danna maɓallin "Nuna sassan" a cikin menu shirin (a saman allo).
- Tabbatar cewa an fifita sashin da ake so kuma danna "Mayarwa." Tabbatar da dawo da bangaren boot ɗin, sannan danna maɓallin "Aiwatar" a ƙasa kuma adana bayanan da za a birgeshi a fayil ɗin a wuri mai dacewa.
- Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, za a yi amfani da canje-canje, kuma za a sake samun RAW disk kuma a sami tsarin fayil ɗin da ake so. Kuna iya fita daga shirin.
Lura: a cikin gwaje-gwajen da na yi, lokacin da nake gyara RAW disk a cikin Windows 10 (UEFI + GPT) ta amfani da DMDE, nan da nan bayan aikin, tsarin ya ba da rahoton kurakuran faifai (haka ma, matsalar diski mai matsala ta kasance kuma yana dauke da duk bayanan da suka kasance a baya) kuma sun ba da shawarar sake haɓaka kwamfuta don gyara su. Bayan sake yi, komai ya yi kyau.
Idan kuna amfani da DMDE don gyara faifan tsarin (alal misali, ta hanyar haɗa shi zuwa wata komputa), yi la'akari da cewa yanayin mai yiwuwa ne: diski na RAW zai dawo da tsarin fayil ɗin na asali, amma lokacin da kuka haɗa shi zuwa kwamfutar '' ƙasa '' ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, OS ba zai kaya ba. A wannan yanayin, mayar da bootloader, duba Dawo Windows bootloader, Mayar da Windows bootloader.
Sake RAW a cikin TestDisk
Wata hanyar don aiwatar da ingantaccen bincike da dawo da faifai diski daga RAW shine shirin gwaji na TestDisk kyauta. Zai fi wahalar amfani da sigar da ta gabata, amma wani lokacin yana da tasiri sosai.
Da hankali: Kula da abin da aka bayyana a ƙasa kawai idan kun fahimci abin da kuke yi kuma har ma a wannan yanayin, ku shirya don abin da ba daidai ba. Ajiye mahimman bayanai zuwa faifai na jiki ban da wanda akan aiwatar da ayyukan. Hakanan a tattara a kan faifan farfadowa na Windows ko rarraba tare da OS (kuna buƙatar buƙatar mayar da bootloader, wanda na ba da umarnin a sama, musamman idan GPT disk, har ma a lokuta inda ana sake dawo da ɓangaren tsarin ba).
- Zazzage shirin TestDisk daga shafin yanar gizon //www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Download (za a sauke kayan tarihin ciki har da TestDisk da PhotoRec, za a sauke wannan kayan tarihin zuwa wuri mai dacewa).
- Run TestDisk (fayil ɗin testdisk_win.exe).
- Zaɓi "Createirƙiri", kuma akan allon na biyu, zaɓi maɓallin da ya zama RAW ko yana da bangare a cikin wannan tsari (zaɓi maɓallin, ba ɓangaren da kansa ba).
- A allon na gaba, kuna buƙatar zaɓar salon fa'idodin faifai. Yawancin lokaci ana gano shi ta atomatik - Intel (don MBR) ko EFI GPT (don diski na GPT).
- Zaɓi "Bincika" kuma latsa Shigar. A allon na gaba, latsa Shigar (tare da Binciken Saurin) sake. Jira a bincika faif ɗin.
- TestDisk zai sami sassan da yawa, gami da ɗaya da aka canza zuwa RAW. Zai iya ƙaddara ta girman da tsarin fayil (girman yana cikin megabytes an nuna shi a ƙasan taga lokacin da kuka zaɓi sashin da ya dace). Hakanan zaka iya duba abinda ke ciki ta latsa Latin P, don fita daga yanayin dubawa, danna Q. Za'a sake dawo da sassan da aka yi alama P (kore), alama ce D ba. Don canza alamar, yi amfani da maɓallan hagu da dama. Idan canjin ya gaza, to, maido da wannan bangare zai keta tsarin faifai (kuma tabbas wannan ba bangare bane wanda kuke buƙata ba). Yana iya jujjuya cewa ɓangaren tsarin yanzu an ayyana su saboda goge (D) - canji zuwa (P) ta amfani da kiban. Latsa Shigar don ci gaba lokacin da tsarin diski ya dace da abin da ya kamata.
- Tabbatar cewa tebur ɗin yanki a kan faifan da aka nuna akan allon yayi daidai (i.e. kamar yadda yakamata ya kasance, gami da juzu'ai tare da bootloader, EFI, yanayin dawowa). Idan kuna da shakku (ba ku fahimci abin da aka nuna ba), to, zai fi kyau kada ku yi komai. Idan cikin shakka, zaɓi “Rubuta” ka latsa Shigar, sannan Y don tabbatarwa. Bayan haka, zaku iya rufe TestDisk kuma ku sake fara kwamfutar, sannan ku bincika ko an dawo da bangare daga RAW.
- Idan tsarin diski bai yi daidai da abin da ya kamata ba, sai a zaɓi "Bincike mai zurfi" don "bincike mai zurfi" na ɓangarorin. Kuma kamar yadda a cikin sakin layi na 6-7, gwada ƙoƙarin mayar da tsarin tsarin daidai (idan ba ku tabbatar da abin da kuke yi ba, zai fi kyau kada ku ci gaba, kuna iya samun OS mara farawa).
Idan komai ya tafi daidai, za a yi rikodin tsarin ɗin da ya dace, kuma bayan komfuta ta komputa, za a sami fayel ɗin kamar yadda yake a da. Koyaya, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yana iya zama dole a mayar da bootloader; a cikin Windows 10, murmurewa ta atomatik yana aiki yayin loda cikin yanayin maidowa.
RAW fayil tsarin a kan Windows tsarin bangare
A cikin yanayin inda matsala tare da tsarin fayil din ya faru akan bangare tare da Windows 10, 8 ko Windows 7, kuma chkdsk mai sauƙi a cikin yanayin dawo da aiki bai yi aiki ba, za ku iya haɗa wannan drive ɗin zuwa wata kwamfutar tare da tsarin aiki kuma gyara matsalar a kai, ko amfani LiveCD tare da kayan aikin don dawo da bangare akan diski.
- Lissafin LiveCDs masu dauke da TestDisk ana samun su anan: //www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Livecd
- Don dawowa daga RAW ta amfani da DMDE, zaku iya cire fayilolin shirye-shiryen zuwa bootable USB flash drive dangane da WinPE kuma, bayan an inganta daga gareta, gudanar da fayil ɗin aiwatar da shirin. Shafin yanar gizon hukuma na shirin kuma yana da umarni don ƙirƙirar bootable DOS dras.
Hakanan akwai LiveCD na ɓangare na uku da aka tsara musamman don dawo da bangare. Koyaya, a gwaje-gwajen da na yi, kawai Bashi Disk ɗin dawowa da Na Bashi Disk ya zama aiki yayin la’akari da RAW partitions, duk sauran sun baka damar dawo da fayiloli kawai, ko kuma gano waɗancan ɓangarorin da aka goge (sarari da ba a kwance ba), watsi da RAW partitions (wannan shine yadda aikin Partition yake aiki Maida a cikin bootable version na Minitool Partition Wizard).
A lokaci guda, Faifan boot ɗin boot ɗin boot ɗin Mai aiki (idan ka yanke shawarar amfani dashi) na iya aiki tare da wasu fasalulluka:
- Wasu lokuta yana nuna faifan RAW kamar NTFS na yau da kullun, yana nuna duk fayilolin akan sa, kuma ya ƙi mayar dashi (Mayar da kayan menu), yana sanar da cewa ɓangaren tuni ya kasance akan faifai.
- Idan hanyar da aka bayyana a sakin farko ba ta faruwa ba, to bayan dawowa ta amfani da abin da aka ƙayyade, faifan yana bayyana kamar NTFS a cikin Maɓallin Komawa, amma ya kasance RAW a cikin Windows.
Wani abun menu, Gyara Boot Sector, shine yake warware matsalar, koda kuwa ba batun tsarin tsarin bane (a taga na gaba, bayan zabar wannan abun, yawanci baku bukatar aiwatar da wasu ayyuka). A lokaci guda, tsarin fayil ɗin rabuwa yana farawa ta OS, amma ana iya samun matsala tare da bootloader (an warware shi ta ingantattun kayan aikin dawo da Windows), kazalika tilasta tilasta tsarin fara duba faifai a farkon farawa.
Kuma a ƙarshe, idan ya faru cewa babu ɗayan hanyoyin da zasu iya taimaka muku, ko zaɓuɓɓukan da aka gabatar da alama suna da matukar ban tsoro, kusan koyaushe kuna sarrafawa don sauƙaƙe mahimman bayanai daga bangarorin RAW da diski, shirye-shiryen dawo da bayanai kyauta zasu taimaka anan.
