Yawancin masu amfani, suna fuskantar buƙatar saita wani abokin ciniki na imel, suna mamakin: "Mene ne yarjejeniya ta imel." Tabbas, don "sanya" irin wannan shirin aiki kullum sannan kuma yi amfani da shi cikin jin daɗi, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci wanne zaɓi za a zaɓa, kuma menene bambanci ga sauran. Labari ne game da wasiƙar wasiƙa, tushen aikinsu da ikonsu, da kuma wasu abubuwan da za a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Ladabi ta Imel
Gaba ɗaya, akwai ƙa'idodi uku da aka yarda gaba ɗaya don musayar imel (aikawa da karɓar su) - waɗannan sune IMAP, POP3 da SMTP. Akwai kuma HTTP, wanda galibi ana kiransa da sakon yanar gizo, amma ba shi da wata alaƙa ta kai tsaye da batunmu na yanzu. Da ke ƙasa muna yin ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla ga ladabi, tare da bayyana fasalin halayyar su da bambance-bambance mai yiwuwa, amma da farko bari mu bayyana ma'anar kalmar da kanta.
Yarjejeniyar e-mail, a cikin mafi sauki kuma mafi fahimta a cikin harshen, shine yadda ake aiwatar da musayar sakon lantarki, wato, ta wace hanya da kuma menene “tsayawa” harafin daga mai aika zuwa mai karba.
SMTP (Sauke hanyar Yarjejeniyar Sauƙaƙe Mail)
Simpleaƙƙarfan Sanarwar Sauƙaƙe mail - wannan shine yadda ake fassara cikakken sunan SMTP da ƙage. Ana amfani da wannan ka'idodi sosai don aika imel a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa kamar TCP / IP (musamman, ana amfani da TCP 25 don aikawa da sakonni). Akwai kuma ƙarin bambance bambancen - ESMTP (SMTP Extended), wanda aka karɓa a shekara ta 2008, kodayake ba a rabu da shi ba daga Tsarin Sauƙaƙe Saƙon Saƙon Yanzu.
Ana amfani da hanyar SMTP ta hanyar sabbin wasika da wakilai duka don aikawa da karɓar haruffa, amma aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki da aka yi niyya ga masu amfani da talakawa suna amfani da shi a cikin hanya ɗaya kawai - aika imel zuwa sabar don sabuntawa mai zuwa.
Yawancin aikace-aikacen imel, ciki har da sanannun Mozilla Thunderbird, The Bat!, Microsoft Outlook, suna amfani da POP ko IMAP don karɓar imel, wanda za'a tattauna daga baya. A lokaci guda, abokin ciniki daga Microsoft (Outluk) na iya amfani da tsarin yarjejeniya ta mallaka don samun dama ga asusun mai amfani akan uwar garken sa, amma wannan ya riga ya wuce batun mu.
Duba kuma: Shirya matsala Email Samun Batutuwa
POP3 (Sakin Tsarin Tsari na Office Post 3)
Fasali na uku na yarjejeniya ofishin gidan waya (wanda aka fassara daga Ingilishi) shine daidaitaccen matakin-aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen abokin ciniki na musamman don karɓar wasiƙar lantarki daga uwar garken nesa ta cikin nau'in haɗin haɗin kamar yadda yake a yanayin SMTP - TCP / IP. Kai tsaye a cikin aikinsa, POP3 yana amfani da lambar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa 110, duk da haka, a cikin yanayin haɗin SSL / TLS, ana amfani da 995.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, wannan yarjejeniya ce ta mail (kamar wakilin wakilinmu na gaba) wanda galibi ana amfani dashi don hakar wasiku kai tsaye. Ba aƙalla ba, wannan tabbatacce ne ta gaskiyar cewa POP3, tare da IMAP, ba wai kawai yawancin shirye-shiryen mailer ne ke tallafawa ba, har ma da manyan masu samar da sabis masu dacewa - Gmail, Yahoo!, Hotmail, da dai sauransu.
Lura: Ka'ida a fagen ita ce sigar ta uku ta wannan yarjejeniya. Wadancan na farko da na biyu da suka gabace shi (POP, POP2, bi da bi) ana ɗaukar aikin yau da kullun.
Duba kuma: Tabbatar da GMail mail a cikin abokin ciniki
IMAP (Farfaɗar Samun Fasaha ta Intanet)
Wannan yarjejeniya ce ta aikace-aikace da ake amfani da ita don samun damar isar da sakonni. Kamar ƙa'idodin da aka tattauna a sama, IMAP ya dogara ne akan tsarin jigilar kayayyaki na TCP, kuma ana amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa 143 (ko 993 don haɗin SSL / TLS) don aiwatar da ayyukan da aka sanya shi.
A zahiri, Protocol Intanet na Intanet shine ke samarwa da mafi yawan damar aiki tare da haruffa da kuma wasiƙar wasiƙar kai tsaye ta hanyar sabar cibiyar yanar gizo. Aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki wanda ke amfani da wannan yarjejeniya don aikinsa yana da cikakkiyar damar isa zuwa wasiƙar lantarki kamar dai an adana shi ba a kan sabar ba, amma a kwamfutar mai amfani.
IMAP tana ba ku damar aiwatar da duk ayyukan da suka zama dole tare da haruffa da akwati (s) kai tsaye a PC ba tare da buƙatar aika fayilolin da aka haɗe da abubuwan rubutu a cikin uwar garken ba kuma karɓar su. POP3 wanda aka yi la’akari da shi sama, kamar yadda muka nuna, mun yi aiki da ɗan dabam, “jawo” bayanan da ake buƙata yayin haɗin.
Karanta kuma: Magance matsaloli tare da aika imel
HTTP
Kamar yadda aka fada a farkon labarin, HTTP yarjejeniya ce wacce ba a nufin sadarwa ta imel. A lokaci guda, ana iya amfani da shi don samun akwatin gidan waya, shirya (amma ba aika) da karɓar imel. Wannan shine, yana aiwatar da kawai ɓangarorin ayyukan halayen halayen gidan waya da aka tattauna a sama. Kuma duk da haka, kodayake, ana kiranta saƙon imel. Wataƙila sabis ɗin Hotmail, wanda ke amfani da HTTP ne ya taka wannan rawar.
Zabi hanyar Yarjejeniyar Imel
Don haka, yayin da muka san kanmu da abin da kowanne ɗayan ka'idojin wasiƙar suke, za mu iya zuwa ci gaba zuwa zaɓin shugaban da ya fi dacewa. HTTP, ga dalilan da aka ambata a sama, ba su da fa'ida a cikin wannan mahallin, kuma SMTP tana mai da hankali ne kan warware matsaloli ban da waɗanda ke amfani da ita. Sabili da haka, idan ya zo da daidaitawa da tabbatar da aiki daidai na abokin ciniki na mail, ya kamata ku zaɓi tsakanin POP3 da IMAP.
Farfajiyar hanyar Intanet (IMAP)
A yayin taron cewa kuna son samun damar zuwa cikin sauri, duka ba har ma da yawancin labaran lantarki a halin yanzu, muna bada shawara sosai cewa kun zaɓi IMAP. Amfanin wannan yarjejeniya ya haɗa da kafaffen aiki tare wanda zai baka damar aiki tare da wasiƙu akan na'urori daban-daban - biyu a lokaci guda kuma a kan fifiko, ta yadda haruffa masu buƙata koyaushe suke a hannu. Babban hasara na toaukar da Samun Saƙon Intanet ya taso ne daga fasalin aikinta kuma shine saurin ɗaukar sararin diski.
Har ila yau, IMAP tana da wasu fa'idodi masu mahimmanci iri ɗaya - yana ba ku damar tsara haruffa a mailer ɗin a cikin tsari mai tsari, ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi dabam da sanya saƙonni a ciki, wato, rarrabe su. Godiya ga wannan, abu ne mai sauƙi a tsara ingantaccen aiki mai gamsarwa tare da wasiƙar lantarki. Koyaya, ƙarin drawarke abu ya taso daga irin wannan aiki mai amfani - tare da amfani da sarari faifai na kyauta, akwai ƙarin karuwa akan processor da RAM. Abin farin, wannan ana iya sani kawai a cikin aiki tare, kuma na musamman akan na'urori masu ƙarfi.
Protocol na gidan waya 3 (POP3)
POP3 ya dace don kafa abokin ciniki na imel idan an taka rawar farko ta hanyar samun sarari kyauta akan sabar (tuƙi) da kuma babban saƙo. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci abubuwan da ke gaba: dakatar da zaɓinku akan wannan yarjejeniya, kuna musun kanku daidaitawa tsakanin na'urori. Wannan shine, idan kun karɓi, alal misali, haruffa uku zuwa na'urar No. 1 kuma kuyi masu alama kamar yadda aka karanta, sannan akan na'urar No. 2, kuma ana aiki da Protocol Post Office 3, baza a basu alama kamar haka ba.
Amfanin POP3 ya ƙunshi ba kawai a ajiye sarari faifai ba, har ma da rashin theanƙalla nauyin kan CPU da RAM. Wannan yarjejeniya, ba tare da la’akari da ingancin haɗin Intanet ba, yana ba ku damar sauke dukkanin imel, wato, tare da duk abubuwan rubutu da haɗe-haɗe. Ee, wannan yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin da kuka haɗu, amma IMAP mai aiki, wacce take da iyakantaccen zirga-zirga ko ƙananan gudu, kawai zazzage saƙonni a wani ɓangare, ko ma nuna alamun take kawai, kuma barin yawancin abubuwan cikin uwar garken “har sai lokacin mafi kyau”.
Kammalawa
A cikin wannan labarin mun yi ƙoƙari mu ba da cikakkiyar amsa kuma m amsar tambayar abin da ke yarjejeniya ta imel. Duk da gaskiyar cewa akwai huɗu daga cikinsu, biyu kawai ke da sha'awa ga matsakaicin mai amfani - IMAP da POP3. Na farko zai ba da sha'awa ga waɗanda aka yi amfani da su ta yin amfani da wasiƙa daga na'urori daban-daban, suna da saurin isa ga haruffa gaba ɗaya (ko dole), tsara su da tsara su. Abu na biyu ya fi maida hankali kan hankali - da sauri cikin aiki, amma ba zai baka damar tsara shi ba a kan na'urori da yawa lokaci daya.
