Irƙira gwaje-gwaje a Microsoft Excel

Sau da yawa, don gwada ingancin ilimi, amfani da gwaje-gwaje. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don ilimin tunani da sauran nau'ikan gwaji. A PC, ana amfani da takamaiman aikace-aikace na musamman don rubuta gwaje-gwaje. Amma har ma da tsarin Microsoft Excel na yau da kullun, wanda ke cikin kwamfyutoci kusan dukkanin masu amfani, na iya jure aikin. Yin amfani da kayan aiki na wannan aikace-aikacen, zaku iya rubuta gwajin da zai zama mafi ƙaranci cikin aiki ga mafita da aka yi ta amfani da software na musamman. Bari mu ga yadda ake amfani da Excel don kammala wannan aikin.

Aiwatar da gwaji

Kowane gwaji ya ƙunshi zaɓar ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka don amsa tambayar. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, akwai da yawa daga cikinsu. Yana da kyau cewa bayan an gama gwajin, mai amfani ya riga ya ga kansa ko ya gama gwajin ko a'a. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don aiwatar da wannan aikin a Excel. Bari mu bayyana algorithm na hanyoyi daban-daban don yin wannan.

Hanyar 1: filin shigarwa

Da farko, zamu bincika mafi sauki zaɓi. Hakan yana nuna kasancewar jerin tambayoyin wanda aka gabatar da amsoshi. Dole ne mai amfani ya nuna a wani filin na musamman wani nau'in amsar da yake ganin yayi daidai.

1. Mun rubuta tambayar kanta. Bari muyi amfani da maganganun lissafi a cikin wannan damar don sauki, da kuma lambobin kirkirar mafitarsu azaman amsoshi.



2. Mun zabi wani sel daban don mai amfani ya iya shigar da adadin amsar da yake ɗauka daidai ne. Don tsabta, muna alama da launin rawaya.



3. Yanzu mun matsa zuwa takarda na biyu na takaddar. Yana kan kanta ne za a sami amsoshin daidai, wanda shirin zai tabbatar da bayanan ta mai amfani. A cikin sel ɗaya mun rubuta magana "Tambaya ta 1", kuma a na gaba za mu saka aikin IF, wanda, a zahiri, zai sarrafa daidaiton ayyukan mai amfani. Don kiran wannan aikin, zaɓi ƙwayar manufa kuma danna kan gunki "Saka aikin"sanya shi kusa da layin dabara.



4. Daidai taga yana farawa Wizards na Aiki. Je zuwa rukuni "Mai hankali kuma nemi suna a wurin IF. Binciko bai kamata ya zama mai tsawo ba, tunda an sanya wannan sunan a farko cikin jerin masu ma'ana. Bayan haka, zaɓi wannan aikin kuma danna maballin "Ok".



5. Ana kunna taga mai aiki na mai aiki IF. Ma'aikacin da aka ƙaddara yana da filaye uku masu dacewa da adadin muhawararsa. Ginin wannan aikin yana ɗaukar wadannan siffofin:

   = Idan IF (Log_expression; Darajar_if_true; Darajar_if_false)

   A fagen Bayani mai ma'ana kuna buƙatar shigar da ayyukan haɗin wayar wanda mai amfani ya shiga cikin amsar. Bugu da kari, a cikin filin dole ne a fayyace zabin da ya dace. Don shigar da daidaitawa na cell manufa, saita siginan kwamfuta a fagen. Gaba kuma zamu koma Sheet 1 da alama alama da muka yi niyyar rubuta lambar bambance bambancen. Shiryata zai bayyana nan da nan a cikin taga muhawara. Na gaba, don nuna daidai amsar a cikin filin guda, bayan adireshin wayar, shigar da magana ba tare da ambato ba "=3". Yanzu, idan mai amfani ya sanya lambar cikin abin da aka yi niyya "3", sannan amsar za a yi la’akari da daidai, kuma a duk sauran halaye - ba daidai ba

   A fagen "Ma'ana idan gaskiya ne" saita lamba "1", kuma a cikin filin "Ma'ana idan karya" saita lamba "0". Yanzu, idan mai amfani ya zaɓi madaidaiciyar zaɓi, to, zai karɓa 1 nuna, kuma idan ba daidai ba - to 0 maki. Don adana bayanan da aka shigar, danna kan maɓallin "Ok" a kasan taga muhawara.



6. Hakanan, muna tsara ƙarin ayyuka biyu (ko kowane adadin da muke buƙata) akan takardar da bayyane ga mai amfani.



7. Kunnawa Sheet 2 amfani da aiki IF nuna ma'anar zaɓuɓɓuka masu dacewa, kamar yadda muka yi a makalar da ta gabata.



8. Yanzu shirya maki Ana iya yin shi da sauƙi mai sauƙi na auto-sum. Don yin wannan, zaɓi duk abubuwan da suke ɗauke da tsarin IF kuma danna kan gunkin Autosum, wanda yake akan kintinkiri a cikin shafin "Gida" a toshe "Gyara".



9. Kamar yadda kake gani, ya zuwa yanzu adadin ya zama maki baƙi, tunda ba mu amsa kowane abu na gwaji ba. Mafi girman abin da mai amfani zai iya ci a wannan yanayin shine 3idan ya amsa duka tambayoyin daidai.



10. Idan ana so, zaka iya tabbata cewa yawan maki da aka zira za a nuna shi a takardar mai amfani. Wato, mai amfani zai ga yadda ya jimre wa aikin. Don yin wannan, zaɓi keɓaɓɓiyar sel a kunne Sheet 1wanda muke kira "Sakamakon" (ko wani sunan da ya dace). Domin kada rude kwakwalwarku ta dogon lokaci, kawai zamu sanya magana a ciki "= Sheet2!", bayannan mun shigar da adireshin wancan abun akan Sheet 2, wanda shine jimlar maki.



11. Bari mu bincika yadda gwajinmu yake aiki, da gangan aikata kuskure ɗaya. Kamar yadda kake gani, sakamakon wannan gwajin 2 aya, wanda ya yi daidai da kuskure ɗaya da aka yi. Gwajin yana aiki daidai.

Darasi: Aiki IF in Excel

Hanyar 2: jera jerin

Hakanan zaka iya shirya gwaji a cikin Excel ta amfani da jerin zaɓi. Bari mu ga yadda ake yin wannan a aikace.

1. Airƙiri tebur. A bangare na hagu za a sami ayyuka, a bangare na tsakiya - amsoshin da mai amfani ya zavi ya zaba daga jerin jerin abubuwan da mai haɓaka ya gabatar. Bangaren dama zai nuna sakamakon, wanda aka kirkira ta atomatik daidai da daidaiton amsar zaɓaɓɓen mai amfani. Don haka, don farawa, gina tsarin tebur kuma gabatar da tambayoyi. Muna amfani da ɗayan ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su a hanyar da ta gabata.



2. Yanzu dole ne mu kirkiro jerin abubuwan da suke da amsa. Don yin wannan, zaɓi kashi na farko a cikin shafi "Amsa". Bayan haka, je zuwa shafin "Bayanai". Bayan haka, danna kan gunkin Tabbatar bayanaiwanda yake a cikin shinge na kayan aiki "Aiki tare da bayanai".



3. Bayan kammala waɗannan matakan, ana kunna taga don bincika ƙimar abubuwan da ake gani. Matsa zuwa shafin "Zaɓuɓɓuka"idan yana gudana a cikin wani shafin. Ci gaba a fagen "Nau'in bayanai" daga jerin zaɓuka, zaɓi ƙimar Lissafi. A fagen "Mai tushe" Ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo, kuna buƙatar rubuta mafita waɗanda za a nuna don zaɓi a cikin jerin jerin zaɓi. Saika danna maballin "Ok" a kasan taga aiki.



4. Bayan waɗannan ayyukan, gunki a cikin nau'i na alwatika tare da kusurwa ta ƙasa zai bayyana zuwa hannun dama daga cikin sel tare da dabi'un da aka shigar. Lokacin da ka danna shi, jerin zasu buɗe tare da zaɓuɓɓukan da muka shiga a farkon, wanda za a zaɓi ɗaya.



5. Hakanan, muna yin jerin abubuwa don wasu ƙwayoyin sel a cikin shafi. "Amsa".



6. Yanzu dole ne mu tabbatar da cewa a cikin jerin ƙwayoyin abin da ya dace "Sakamakon" Gaskiyar ko amsar aikin aikin gaskiya ce ko a'a. Kamar yadda a cikin hanyar da ta gabata, ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da mai amfani IF. Zaɓi sel na farko na shafi "Sakamakon" kuma kira Mayan fasalin ta danna kan gunkin "Saka aikin".



7. Ci gaba ta hanyar Mayan fasalin ta amfani da wannan zaɓi guda da aka bayyana a cikin hanyar da ta gabata, je zuwa taga gardamar aiki IF. Kafin mu bude wannan taga da muka gani a baya data gabata. A fagen Bayani mai ma'ana saka adireshin tantanin da muke zaɓi amsar. Bayan haka mun sanya alama "=" kuma rubuta madaidaicin bayani. A cikin lamarinmu, zai zama lamba 113. A fagen "Ma'ana idan gaskiya ne" saita yawan maki da muke so a ba mu ga mai amfani tare da shawarar da ta dace. Bari wannan, kamar yadda ya gabata, zama lamba "1". A fagen "Ma'ana idan karya" saita yawan maki. Idan shawarar ba daidai ba ce, bari ya zama ba komai. Bayan an gama amfani da maganan sama, danna maɓallin "Ok".



8. Haka muke aiwatar da aikin IF ga ragowar sel na shafi "Sakamakon". A zahiri, a kowane yanayi, a fagen Bayani mai ma'ana za a samar da namu namu madaidaicin bayani wanda ya dace da tambayar a cikin wannan layin.
9. Bayan haka, muna yin layin ƙarshe, a cikin abin da adadin abubuwan da za a ɓoye zasu faɗi. Zaɓi duk ƙwayoyin da ke cikin shafi. "Sakamakon" sannan ka danna maballin auto-sum din da muka riga muka san shi a shafin "Gida".



10. Bayan haka, yin amfani da jerin abubuwan faɗakarwa a cikin sel "Amsa" Muna ƙoƙarin nuna hanyoyin da suka dace don ayyukan da aka sanya. Kamar yadda ya gabata, munyi kuskure da gangan a wuri guda. Kamar yadda kake gani, yanzu muna lura da sakamako ne na gwaji na gaba daya, har ma da takamaiman tambaya, mafita wanda ya ƙunshi kuskure.

Hanyar 3: amfani da sarrafawa

Hakanan zaka iya gwada yin amfani da sarrafa maɓallin don zaɓar maganinku.

1. Domin samun damar yin amfani da siffofin sarrafawa, da farko, kunna tab "Mai Haɓakawa". Ta hanyar tsoho, an kashe shi. Saboda haka, idan har yanzu ba'a kunna shi a cikin nau'in aikinka na Excel ba, ya kamata a yi wasu manipulations. Da farko, matsa zuwa shafin Fayiloli. A nan za mu je sashen "Zaɓuɓɓuka".



2. Ana kunna window ɗin zaɓuɓɓuka. Yakamata ya koma sashin Saitin Ribbon. Na gaba, a sashin dama na taga, duba akwatin kusa da matsayin "Mai Haɓakawa". Domin canje-canje ya aiwatar, danna kan maɓallin "Ok" a kasan taga. Bayan waɗannan matakan, shafin "Mai Haɓakawa" ya bayyana akan tef.



3. Da farko dai, mun shiga aikin. Lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar, kowannensu za'a sanya shi a takarda daban.



4. Bayan haka, zamu je ga shafin da aka kunna kwanan nan "Mai Haɓakawa". Danna alamar Mannawanda yake a cikin shinge na kayan aiki "Gudanarwa". A rukunin gunki "Tsarin sarrafawa" zaɓi abu da ake kira "Canja". Yana da bayyanar maɓallin zagaye.



5. Mun danna wurin wurin takaddar inda muke son sanya amsoshi. Nan ne ikon da muke buƙata ya bayyana.



6. Sannan mun shigar da ɗayan mafita a maimakon daidaitaccen sunan maɓallin.



7. Bayan haka, zaɓi abu kuma danna shi tare da maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na dama. Daga zaɓuɓɓukan da suke akwai, zaɓi Kwafa.



8. Zaɓi ƙwayoyin da ke ƙasa. Don haka muna danna-dama akan zaɓi. A jeri wanda ya bayyana, zaɓi matsayi Manna.



9. Na gaba, za mu sanya wasu lokuta biyu, tun da mun yanke shawarar cewa za a sami mafita guda huɗu, kodayake a kowane yanayi lambar su na iya bambanta.



10. Bayan haka muka sake sunan kowane zabin don kada su zo da juna. Amma kar a manta cewa ɗayan zaɓin dole ne gaskiya.



11. Na gaba, zamu zana abin don komawa zuwa aiki na gaba, kuma a yanayinmu wannan yana nufin matsar da zuwa takarda na gaba. Danna kan alamar sake Mannalocated a cikin shafin "Mai Haɓakawa". Wannan lokacin je zuwa zaɓi na abubuwa a cikin rukuni Gudanar da ActiveX. Zaɓi abu Buttonwanda ke da alamun murabba'i mai dari.



12. Mun danna kan yankin daftarin aiki, wanda ke ƙarƙashin bayanan da aka shigar a baya. Bayan haka, abin da ake so za a nuna akan sa.



13. Yanzu muna buƙatar canza wasu kaddarorin da maɓallin kafa. Mun danna shi tare da maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na dama kuma a cikin menu wanda ya buɗe, zaɓi matsayin "Bayanai".



14. Taga ikon sarrafawa yana buɗewa. A fagen "Suna" canza sunan zuwa wanda zai fi dacewa da wannan abun, a misalinmu zai zama sunan Gaba_Kasance. Lura cewa ba a yarda da sarari a wannan filin ba. A fagen "Taken shigar da darajar "Tambaya ta gaba". Akwai wurare da yawa da aka ba da izini, kuma wannan shine sunan da za'a nuna akan maɓallin mu. A fagen "BackColor" zabi launi da abu zai kasance. Bayan haka, zaku iya rufe taga kayan ta danna maɓallin alamar madaidaiciya a kusurwar dama ta sama.



15. Yanzu muna dama-danna kan sunan takardar yanzu. A menu na buɗe, zaɓi Sake suna.



16. Bayan wannan, sunan takardar ya zama mai aiki, kuma mun shigar da sabon suna a wurin "Tambaya ta 1".



17. Hakanan, danna-dama akan shi, amma yanzu a cikin menu mun dakatar da zaɓin akan abu "Matsa ko kwafa ...".



18. Ana buɗe window ɗin kwafin halitta. Duba akwatin kusa da abun. Copyirƙiri Kwafi kuma danna maballin "Ok".



19. Bayan haka, canza sunan takardar zuwa "Tambaya ta 2" kamar yadda yake a da. Wannan takarda ya zuwa yanzu ya ƙunshi cikakken abu guda na ainihi kamar littafin da ya gabata.



20. Mun canza lambar aikin, rubutu, da kuma amsoshin wannan takaddar ga waɗanda muke ganin sun zama dole.



21. Hakanan, ƙirƙiri da gyara abubuwan da ke cikin takardar. "Tambaya ta 3". Kawai a ciki, tunda wannan shine aiki na ƙarshe, maimakon sunan maɓallin "Tambaya ta gaba" zaka iya sanya suna "Cikakken gwaji". Yadda za a yi wannan an riga an tattauna a baya.



22. Yanzu koma shafin "Tambaya ta 1". Muna buƙatar ɗaura sauyin zuwa takamaiman sel. Don yin wannan, danna sauƙin dama akan kowane juyawa. A menu na buɗe, zaɓi "Tsarin Object ...".



23. Tsarin sarrafawa yana aiki. Matsa zuwa shafin "Gudanarwa". A fagen Hanyar Sadarwa saita adireshin kowane abu wofi. Za'a nuna lamba a ciki dangane da wacce asusun zai kunna aiki.



24. Muna yin irin wannan hanya akan zanen gado tare da sauran ayyuka. Don saukakawa, yana da kyawawa cewa tantanin da ke hade yana wuri guda, amma akan zanen gado daban. Bayan haka, zamu sake komawa takardar "Tambaya ta 1". Dama danna abu "Tambaya ta gaba". A cikin menu, zaɓi matsayin Rubutu mai tushe.



25. Mai shirya umarni ya buɗe. Tsakanin kungiyoyi "Masu zaman kansu Sub" da "Karshen Sub" ya kamata mu rubuta lambar don zuwa aya ta gaba. A wannan yanayin, zai yi kama da wannan:

    Littafin aikace-aikace ("Tambaya ta 2") Kunna

    Bayan haka mun rufe taga edita.



26. An yi amfani da irin wannan maƙullin tare da maɓallin daidai yake a kan takardar "Tambaya ta 2". Sai kawai a can mun shigar da umarnin:

    Littafin aikace-aikace ("Tambaya 3") Kunna



27. A cikin mabubban umarnin shirya takardar "Tambaya ta 3" yi shigar da mai zuwa:

    Littafin aiki ("Sakamakon") Kunna



28. Bayan haka, ƙirƙiri sabon takarda da ake kira "Sakamakon". Zai nuna sakamakon ƙaddamar da gwajin. Don waɗannan dalilai, ƙirƙirar tebur na ginshiƙai huɗu: Lambar Tambaya, "Amsar madaidaiciya", "Amfani da amsa" da "Sakamakon". A cikin farko shafi mun shigar da lambobin ayyuka domin tsari "1", "2" da "3". A shafi na biyu sabanin kowane aiki mun shigar da lambar wurin juyawa wanda yake dacewa da mafita.



29. A cikin tantanin farko a cikin filin "Amfani da amsa" saka alama "=" da kuma nuna hanyar haɗi zuwa tantanin da muka haɗa don sauyawa akan takardar "Tambaya ta 1". Muna aiwatar da irin wannan jan hankali tare da ƙwayoyin da ke ƙasa, a kansu ne kawai muke nuna hanyoyin haɗin zuwa sel masu dacewa a kan zanen gado "Tambaya ta 2" da "Tambaya ta 3".



30. Bayan haka, zaɓi kashi na farko na shafi "Sakamakon" kuma kira taga aikin muhawara IF kamar yadda muka yi magana a sama. A fagen Bayani mai ma'ana saka adireshin tantanin halitta "Amfani da amsa" m layi Sannan mun sanya alama "=" bayan haka muna nuna daidaitawar abu a cikin shafi "Amsar madaidaiciya" layi ɗaya. A cikin filayen "Ma'ana idan gaskiya ne" da "Ma'ana idan karya" shigar da lambobi "1" da "0" daidai da. Bayan haka, danna maɓallin "Ok".



31. Domin kwafa wannan dabara zuwa ga kewayon da ke ƙasa, sanya siginan kwamfuta a cikin ƙananan kusurwar dama na ɓangaren abin da aikin yake. A lokaci guda, alamar cike take tana bayyana a jikin giciye. Latsa maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu kuma ja mai alamar zuwa ƙarshen tebur.



32. Bayan haka, don taƙaita, muna amfani da kashe kuɗi, kamar yadda aka riga aka yi fiye da sau ɗaya.

A kan wannan, ƙirƙirar gwajin za a iya la'akari da kammala. A shirye yake ya tafi.

Mun mai da hankali ga hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙirƙirar gwaji ta amfani da kayan aikin Excel. Tabbas, wannan ba cikakken jerin duk shari'ar da za'a iya samu ba a wannan aikace-aikacen. Ta hanyar haɗa kayan aiki da abubuwa daban-daban, zaku iya ƙirƙirar gwaje-gwaje waɗanda suka bambanta da juna dangane da yanayin aiki. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a lura cewa a kowane yanayi, lokacin ƙirƙirar gwaji, ana amfani da aiki mai ma'ana IF.