Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun rukunan masu aiki yayin aiki tare da teburin Excel shine ayyukan kwanan wata da lokaci. Yana da taimakonsu ne za'a iya aiwatar da jan ragamar hanyoyin da bayanai na wani lokaci. Kwanan wata da lokaci ana hatimce a yayin ƙirar abubuwan da suka faru a cikin Excel. Yin aiwatar da irin waɗannan bayanan shine babban aikin mai aiki na sama. Bari mu ga inda zaku iya samun wannan rukunin ayyuka a cikin dubawar shirin, da kuma yadda za ku yi aiki tare da shahararrun dabaru na wannan toshe.
Aiki tare da aikin kwanan wata da lokaci
Groupungiyar kwanan wata da lokaci tana da alhakin sarrafa bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin tsarin kwanan wata ko lokaci. A halin yanzu akwai masu aiki sama da 20 a cikin Excel waɗanda ke cikin wannan ɓoyayyen tsari. Tare da fito da sababbin juzu'in Excel, lambobin su na karuwa koyaushe.
Duk wani aiki ana iya shigar da shi da hannu idan kun san yadda ake amfani da shi, amma ga mafi yawan masu amfani, musamman ma ba su da kwarewa ko kuma tare da matakin ilimi bai fi matsakaicin girma ba, ya fi sauki a shigar da umarni ta hanyar kwalliyar zane Mayen aiki ya biyo baya ta matsawa zuwa taga muhawara.
- Don gabatar da dabara ta hanyar Mayan fasalin zaɓi tantanin halitta inda za'a nuna sakamakon, sannan danna maballin "Saka aikin". An samo ta zuwa hagu na masarar dabara.
- Bayan haka, an kunna Wurin Aiki. Danna filin Nau'i.
- Daga jeri dake buɗe, zaɓi "Kwanan wata da lokaci".
- Bayan wannan, jerin masu gudanar da wannan rukunin ya buɗe. Don zuwa takamaiman ɗayan, zaɓi aikin da ake so a cikin jerin sannan danna maballin "Ok". Bayan aiwatar da ayyukan da ke sama, za a fara taga muhawara.
Hakanan Mayan fasalin za a iya kunna ta hanyar zaɓar sel a kan takarda kuma danna maɓallin kewayawa Canji + F3. Har yanzu akwai yiwuwar zuwa shafin Tsarin tsariinda akan kintinkiri a cikin rukunin saiti na kayan aiki Laburaren Ma’aikata danna maballin "Saka aikin".
Zai yuwu ku matsa zuwa taga muhawara takamaiman tsari daga kungiyar "Kwanan wata da lokaci" ba tare da kunna babban taga na Mataimakin Aiki ba. Don yin wannan, matsa zuwa shafin Tsarin tsari. Latsa maballin "Kwanan wata da lokaci". An sanya shi a kan kintinkiri a cikin rukunin kayan aiki. Laburaren Ma’aikata. Ana kunna jerin masu aiki a wannan rukunin. Zaɓi wanda ake buƙata don kammala aikin. Bayan wannan, muhawara ta motsa zuwa taga.
Darasi: Wizard ɗin Aiki a cikin Excel
DARIYA
Ofayan mafi sauƙi amma a lokaci guda ana buƙatar ayyukan wannan rukunin shine mai aiki DARIYA. Yana nuna kwanan watan da aka bayar a lamba ta tsari a cikin kwayar halitta inda dabara kanta take.
Hujjojinsa sune "Shekara", "Watan" da "Ranar". Wani fasali na sarrafa bayanai shi ne cewa aikin yana aiki ne kawai tare da wani lokaci wanda bai wuce 1900 ba. Saboda haka, idan azaman hujja ne a fagen "Shekara" saita, alal misali, 1898, mai aiki zai nuna ƙarancin darajar a cikin tantanin halitta. Ta halitta, kamar yadda muhawara "Watan" da "Ranar" lambobi daga 1 zuwa 12 da kuma daga 1 zuwa 31 bi da bi .. Hujjojin zuwa hanyoyin haɗin sel waɗanda ke kunshe da bayanan na iya zama matsayin muhawara.
Don shigar da dabara da hannu, yi amfani da kalmar kalmomin:
= DATE (Shekara; Wata; Rana)
Ma'aikatan suna kusa da wannan aikin cikin ƙima SHEKARA, MATA da RANAR. Suna fitar da ƙimar daidai da sunan su a cikin tantanin halitta kuma suna da hujja ɗaya ti ɗaya tak.
HADA
Wani nau'in fasalin na musamman shine mai aiki HADA. Yana lissafin banbanci tsakanin kwanakin biyu. Abun fasalin shi shine wannan ma'aikacin ba ya cikin jerin dabarun Wizards na Aiki, wanda ke nufin cewa halayensa koyaushe dole ne a shigar da su ta hanyar zane mai hoto, amma da hannu, bin saitin waɗannan:
= DATE (fara_date; karshen_date; raka'a)
A bayyane yake daga mahallin cewa azaman muhawara "Fara kwanan wata" da Ranar karewa kwanakin suna bayyana, bambanci tsakanin wanda ke buƙatar yin lasafta. Amma a matsayin hujja "Unit" tsaye ne na wani yanki na ma'auni na wannan bambanci:
- Shekara (y)
- Watan (m);
- Rana (d)
- Bambanci a cikin watanni (YM);
- Bambanci a cikin kwanakin ban da shekaru (YD);
- Bambanci a cikin ranakun ban da watanni da shekaru (MD).
Darasi: Yawan ranakun tsakanin ranakun a Excel
KYAUTA
Ba kamar sashin da ya gabata ba, dabara KYAUTA da aka jera Wizards na Aiki. Aikinta shine kirga yawan kwanakin aiki tsakanin ranakun biyu da aka ayyana azuwan muhawara. Bugu da kari, akwai wata mahawara - "Hutu". Wannan magana ba na tilas bane. Yana nuna adadin hutu na lokacin binciken. Wadannan ranakun an kuma cire su daga lissafin gaba daya. Dabarar ta kirkiri yawan ranakun tsakanin ranakun biyu, banda Asabar, Lahadi, da kuma ranakun da mai amfani ya ayyana a matsayin hutu. Muhawara na iya zama ko kwanan wata kansu ko nassoshi ga sel waɗanda suke cikinsu.
Ginin yanayin yana kama da wannan:
= NET (fara_date; karshen_date; [biki])
TDATA
Mai aiki TDATA ban sha'awa a cikin cewa ba shi da wani muhawara. Yana nuna kwanan wata da lokaci da aka saita akan kwamfutar da ke cikin tantanin halitta. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan darajar bazai sabunta ta atomatik. Zai kasance tsayayye a lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri aikin har sai an sake tattara shi. Domin tattarawa, kawai zaɓi tantanin da ke ƙunsar aikin, sanya siginan kwamfuta a cikin masarar dabara sai ka danna maballin Shigar a kan keyboard. Kari kan wannan, ana iya sake amfani da bayanin lokaci lokaci a tsarin sa. Syntax TDATA kamar:
= KYAU ()
RANAR yau
Mai aiki yana kama da aikin da ya gabata a cikin ƙarfin sa RANAR yau. Shi kuma bashi da hujja. Amma tantanin bai nuna wani hoto na kwanan wata da lokaci ba, amma kwanan wata guda ne kacal. A tsarin magana ma yana da sauqi qwarai:
= TARBAYA ()
Wannan aikin, kamar wanda ya gabata, yana buƙatar sabuntawa don sabuntawa. Ana yin kara kamar yadda ya yi daidai.
SAURARA
Babban maƙasudin aikin SAURARA shine fitarwa zuwa kyautar da aka bayar na lokacin da aka bayyana ta hanyar muhawara. Jayayyun wannan aikin su ne awanni, mintina, da sakanni. Ana iya tantance su duka ta hanyar lambobin ƙidaya da kuma ta hanyar haɗin haɗin da ke nuna sel wanda aka adana waɗannan dabi'un. Wannan aikin yana kama da mai aiki. DARIYA, kawai ya bambanta da shi yana nuna takamaiman alamun lokaci. Umimar muhawara Kalli za'a iya kayyade cikin kewayon daga 0 zuwa 23, kuma muhawara ta minti da ta biyu - daga 0 zuwa 59. Ginin yanayin shine:
= TAMBAYA (Awanni; Minti; Seakan)
Kari kan haka, kusanci da wannan ma'aikacin aikin ana iya kiransa aikin kowane daya ne SAURARA, MUTANE da NA BIYU. Sun nuna ƙimar daidai da sunan alamar lokaci, wanda aka bayar ta hanyar jayayya guda ɗaya tak.
DATEVALUE
Aiki DATEVALUE takamaiman tsari. Ba don mutane bane, amma don shirin. Aikinta shine sauya rikodin kwanan wata a cikin yadda aka saba zuwa magana mai lamba ɗaya, don samantawa cikin Excel. Babban hujja ga wannan aikin shine kwanan wata a matsayin rubutu. Haka kuma, kamar yadda yake a cikin hujja da hujja DARIYA, ƙimar kawai bayan 1900 ana sarrafa su daidai. Gaskiyar magana kamar haka:
= DATEVALUE (kwanan wata_text)
RANAR
Aikin mai aiki RANAR - nuna a ƙayyadadden tantanin ƙimar ranar mako don kwanan wata da aka bayar. Amma dabara ba ta nuna sunan matanin yau ba, sai dai lambar sirinta. Haka kuma, an sanya batun ranar farkon mako a filin daga "Nau'in". Don haka, idan kun saita darajar a wannan filin "1"sannan Lahadi za a dauki ranar farko ta mako idan "2" - monday, da sauransu. Amma wannan ba hujja ba ce ta wajibi, idan filin bai cika ba, to ana la’akari da cewa kirga daga ranar Lahadi ne. Hujja ta biyu ita ce ainihin ranar da aka tsara a cikin lambobi, ranar hukunci wanda dole ne a saita shi. Ginin yanayin yana kama da wannan:
= RANAR (Kwanan____Nameric_format; [Type])
MATA
Makamar mai aiki MATA shine nuni a cikin satin da za'a bashi lambar sati ta hanyar gabatarwar. Muhawara ita ce ainihin ranar da dawowar. Idan komai ya bayyana karara tare da hujja ta farko, to na biyu yana buƙatar ƙarin bayani. Gaskiyar ita ce a cikin ƙasashe da yawa na Turai bisa ga ka'idodin ISO 8601, makon farko na shekara ana ɗauka ya zama mako wanda ya faɗi ranar Alhamis ta farko. Idan kuna son amfani da wannan tsarin tunani, to a cikin nau'in filin kuna buƙatar sanya lambar "2". Idan kun fi son bayanin ma'anar, inda makon farko na shekara shine wanda ya faɗi akan Janairu 1, to kuna buƙatar sanya adadi "1" ko barin filin babu komai. Gwanin aiki don wannan shine:
= MARAUYA (kwanan wata; [nau'in])
ADDU'A
Mai aiki ADDU'A yana yin lissafin yanki na shekarar da aka kammala tsakanin kwanakin biyu na shekara gaba ɗaya. Hujjojin wannan aikin waɗannan kwanuka biyu ne, waɗanda sune iyakokin lokacin. Bugu da kari, wannan aikin yana da hujja ba na tilas ba ne. "Basis". Yana nuna hanyar yin lissafin rana. Ta hanyar tsoho, idan ba a ƙididdige ƙima ba, ana ɗaukar hanyar lissafin Amurka. A mafi yawan lokuta, daidai ne, saboda haka mafi yawan lokuta wannan gardamar ba ta buƙatar cikawa kwata-kwata. Ginin kalma yana ɗaukar wadannan hanyar:
= DEBT (fara_date; karshen_date; [tushe])
Mun sami babban jami'ai waɗanda ke cikin rukunin ayyuka "Kwanan wata da lokaci" a cikin Excel. Kari akan haka, akwai wasu karin ma'aikata guda goma sha daya na rukuni guda. Kamar yadda kake gani, har ma ayyukan da aka bayyana mana na iya sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙe masu amfani don yin aiki tare da ƙimar irin waɗannan tsarin kamar kwanan wata da lokaci. Wadannan abubuwan sun baka damar sarrafa wasu lissafin. Misali, ta shigar da kwanan wata ko lokaci a cikin tantanin da aka sanya. Idan ba tare da sanin gudanar da waɗannan ayyukan ba, mutum ba zai iya yin magana game da ƙimar Excel ba.
