Tsarin hikima na rumbun kwamfutarka

Yawanci, masu amfani suna da drive guda ɗaya a cikin kwamfutarsu. Lokacin da kuka fara shigar da tsarin aiki, rushewa zuwa takamaiman adadin bangare. Kowane girma na ma'ana yana da alhakin adana wasu bayanai. Bugu da kari, ana iya tsara shi zuwa tsarin fayil daban-daban kuma a cikin daya daga tsarin biyu. Bayan haka, zamu so bayyana tsarin software na diski disiki daki-daki kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Amma ga sigogi na zahiri - HDD ya ƙunshi sassa da dama da aka haɗa cikin tsarin ɗaya. Idan kuna son karɓar cikakken bayani game da wannan batun, muna bada shawara cewa ku juya ga kayanmu daban a mahaɗin da ke tafe, kuma za mu ci gaba da nazarin bangaren kayan aikin.

Dubi kuma: Abin da faifai ya ƙunshi

Harafin daidai

Lokacin rabuwa da faifai mai wuya, harafin tsoho don ƙarar tsarin shine Ckuma don na biyu - D. Haruffa A da B an tsallake saboda disks disks na wasu hanyoyin daban-daban ana tsara su ta wannan hanyar. Idan girma na biyu na diski wuya yana ɓoye, harafin D DVD drive za a nuna.

Mai amfani da kansa ya rarraba HDD cikin sassan, yana ba su haruffan da suke akwai. Don bayani kan yadda ake ƙirƙirar irin wannan rushewar da hannu, karanta sauran labarin a mahaɗin da ke biye.

Karin bayanai:
3 hanyoyi don raba rumbun kwamfutarka
Hanyoyi don share ɓangarorin rumbun kwamfutarka

Tsarin MBR da GPT

Tare da kundin girma da sassan, komai yana da sauki, amma akwai kuma tsarin. Wani samfurin tsufa mai ma'ana ana kiran shi MBR (Babbar Record Bako), kuma an maye gurbin shi da ingantacciyar GPT (Jada jadawalin GUID). Bari muyi tunani akan kowane tsari kuma muyi la'akari dasu daki-daki.

MBR

Direbobi masu tsari tare da tsarin MBR suna daɗaɗɗa da GPT, amma har yanzu suna shahara kuma ana amfani dasu akan kwamfutoci da yawa. Gaskiyar ita ce Babbar Rakoda ita ce farkon 512-byte HDD na sashen, an tanada shi kuma ba'a taɓa rubuta shi ba. Wannan sashin yana da alhakin fara OS. Irin wannan tsari ya dace a cikin hakan yana ba ka damar iya rarrabe abu mai sauƙi a cikin sassa. Ka'idar fara faifai tare da MBR kamar haka:

1. Lokacin da tsarin ya fara, BIOS ya sami damar shiga sashin farko kuma yana ba shi ƙarin iko. Wannan sashin yana da lamba0000: 7C00h.
2. Abubuwan da ke gaba na gaba suna da alhakin kayyade faifai.
3. Na gaba, canzawa zuwa01BEh- Allon girma na HDD. A sikirin bayarwar da ke ƙasa zaku iya ganin zane mai hoto na karatun sashin farko.

Yanzu da aka shigo da faifai faifai, kuna buƙatar tantance yanki mai aiki wanda OS zai yi taya. Farkon rubutun a cikin wannan tsarin karatun yana bayyana sashin da ake so don farawa. Masu biyo baya suna zaɓa lambar kai don fara loda, silinda da lambar yanki, da kuma adadin sassan da ke cikin girma. Ana nuna umarnin karantawa a hoto mai zuwa.

Gudanar da wuraren da aka yi rikodin ƙarshe na ɓangaren fasahar da aka bincika suna da alhakin fasahar CHS (Silinda Shugaban Siyarwa). Yana karanta lambar silinda, kawuna da sassan. Lambar abubuwan da aka ambata an fara da 0, da sassan tare da 1. Ta hanyar karanta duk waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar an ƙaddara rabo na rumbun kwamfutarka.

Rashin kyawun wannan tsarin shine iyakantaccen magance yawan adadin bayanai. Wato, yayin farkon sigar CHS, bangare zai iya samun adadin 8 GB na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda, ba shakka, ba da daɗewa ba ya daina isa. Adireshin LBA (Lamunin gicaladdamarwa na Gaskiya), wanda a cikin aka sauya tsarin lambobi, aka sauya shi. Har zuwa 2 kwayoyin tarin fuka suna goyan baya. An kara inganta LBA, amma canje-canje sun shafi GPT kawai.

Mun sami nasarar magance bangarorin farko da na gaba. Amma na karshen, an kuma ajiye shi, ana kiraAA55kuma yana da alhakin bincika MBR don amincin da kuma kasancewawar mahimman bayanan.

GPT

Fasaha ta MBR tana da gajerun rashi da iyakoki waɗanda ba za su iya ba da aiki tare da adadi mai yawa ba. Gyara shi ko canza shi ba shi da ma'ana, don haka tare da ƙaddamar da UEFI, masu amfani sun koyi sabon tsarin GPT. An ƙirƙira shi cikin la'akari da ƙaruwa mai ɗorewa a cikin yawan faifai da canje-canje a cikin aikin PC, don haka wannan shine mafi kyawun bayani yanzu. Ya bambanta da MBR a cikin waɗannan sigogi:

• Rashin daidaitawar CHS; kawai aiki tare da ingantaccen sigar LBA ana tallafawa;
• GPT yana adana kwafin guda biyu na kansa a kan abin hawa - ɗaya a farkon diski kuma ɗayan a ƙarshen. Wannan maganin zai ba da damar sake farfado da sashen ta hanyar kwafin ajiya idan akwai lalacewa;
• An sake tsara na'urar tsarin, wanda zamuyi magana a gaba;
• An ingantad da kan abu ta amfani da UEFI ta amfani da checksum.

Duba kuma: Gyara ɓataccen CRC kuskure

Yanzu zan so in yi magana dalla-dalla game da tushen tsarin wannan tsarin. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana amfani da fasahar LBA a nan, wanda zai ba ku damar sauƙaƙe aiki tare da disks na kowane girman, kuma nan gaba faɗaɗa kewayon aikin idan ya cancanta.

Duba kuma: Menene launuka na dijital na dijital maɗaukakiyar ma'ana?

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa sashin MBR a cikin GPT shi ma yana nan, shi ne na farko kuma yana da girman ƙima ɗaya. Wajibi ne don ingantaccen aikin HDD tare da tsoffin kayan haɗin, kuma ba ya ƙyale shirye-shiryen da ba su san GPT su lalata tsarin ba. Saboda haka, ana kiran wannan sashin kariya. Abu na gaba shine yanki na 32, 48 ko 64 a girman, suna da alhakin rarrabuwa, ana kiransa da farko GPT. Bayan waɗannan sassan biyu, ana karanta abin da ke ciki, shirin ƙara na biyu, kuma kwafin GPT yana rufe duk waɗannan. Ana nuna cikakken tsarin a cikin sikirin.

Wannan babban bayanin da zai iya zama ban sha'awa ga matsakaita mai amfani yana ƙare. Furtherarin - waɗannan sune hanyoyin aikin kowane yanki, kuma waɗannan bayanan ba su amfani da matsakaicin mai amfani. Dangane da zabi na GPT ko MBR - zaku iya karanta wannan labarin namu, wanda ke tattauna zabin tsarin don Windows 7.

Duba kuma: Zaɓin Tsarin GPT ko Tsarin Rarraba MBR don Aiki tare da Windows 7

Zan kuma so in ƙara cewa GPT shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, kuma a nan gaba, a kowane yanayi, zaku canza zuwa aiki tare da dillalai irin wannan tsarin.

Duba kuma: Yadda diskototocin magnetic suka bambanta da wadatattun injunan jihar

Tsarin fayil da Tsarin rubutu

Da yake magana game da tsarin ma'ana na HDD, mutum ba zai iya ambaci tsarin fayil ɗin da ake akwai ba. Tabbas, akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, amma muna so mu zauna akan nau'ikan nau'ikan OS biyu, wanda masu amfani talakawa galibi suke aiki. Idan kwamfutar ba zata iya tantance tsarin fayil ɗin ba, to fa rumbun kwamfutar ta sami tsarin RAW kuma an nuna shi a cikin OS ɗin. Ana iya samun gyara na wannan matsala. Muna ba da shawara cewa ku fahimci kanku tare da cikakken bayani game da wannan aikin a gaba.

Karanta kuma:
Hanyoyi don gyara Tsarin RAW na faifai na HDD
Me yasa kwamfutar ba ta ganin rumbun kwamfutarka ba

Windows

1. Fat32. Microsoft ya fara samar da tsarin fayil tare da FAT, a nan gaba wannan fasaha ta aiwatar da canje-canje da yawa, kuma sabon salo a yanzu shine FAT32. Itsarfin aikinta ya ta'allaka ne akan cewa ba'a tsara shi don tsarawa da adana manyan fayiloli ba, kuma yana da wahala matsala a sanya shirye-shirye masu nauyi a kai. Koyaya, FAT32 abu ne na kowa da kowa, kuma lokacin ƙirƙirar rumbun kwamfutarka ta waje, ana amfani dashi ta yadda za'a iya karanta fayilolin da aka adana daga kowane TV ko ɗan wasa.
2. NTFS. Microsoft ya gabatar da NTFS don maye gurbin FAT32 gaba daya. Yanzu wannan tsarin fayil yana da goyan bayan duk sigogin Windows, farawa daga XP, kuma yana da kyau a kan Linux, duk da haka a kan Mac OS zaka iya karanta bayani kawai, rubuta komai. An bambanta NTFS ta gaskiyar cewa ba ta da ƙuntatawa a kan girman fayilolin da aka yi rikodin, ya faɗaɗa tallafi don nau'ikan tsari daban-daban, ikon iya matsa ɓangarori na ma'ana kuma an sami sauƙin dawowa ƙarƙashin lalacewa iri-iri. Duk sauran tsarin fayil ɗin sun fi dacewa da ƙananan kafofin watsa labarai na cirewa kuma ba a cika amfani da su a rumbun kwamfyuta ba, saboda haka ba za mu yi la’akari da su a wannan labarin ba.

Linux

Mun fitar da tsarin fayil ɗin Windows. Ina so in jawo hankali ga nau'ikan da aka goyan baya a cikin Linux OS, tun da shi ma ya shahara tsakanin masu amfani. Linux yana tallafawa aiki tare da duk tsarin fayil ɗin Windows, amma an bada shawara don shigar da OS kanta akan FS da aka tsara musamman. Yana da daraja a lura da irin waɗannan nau'ikan:

1. Karin bayani ya zama tsarin fayil na farko na Linux. Tana da iyakarta, alal misali, matsakaicin girman fayil ba zai iya wuce 2 GB ba, kuma dole ne sunansa ya kasance a cikin kewayon daga haruffa 1 zuwa 255.
2. Karin da Karin4. Mun tsallake sigogin biyu na baya da suka gabata, saboda yanzu sun zama marasa ma'ana. Zamu yi magana ne kawai game da ƙari ko versionsasa da nau'ikan zamani. Wani fasalin wannan FS shine cewa yana tallafawa abubuwa har zuwa terabyte ɗaya a cikin girman, kodayake Ext3 bai goyi bayan abubuwan da suka fi girma fiye da 2 GB ba yayin aiki akan tsohuwar ƙwayar. Wani fasalin shine tallafi don karanta software da aka rubuta ƙarƙashin Windows. Wani na gaba ya zo da sabon FS Ext4, wanda ya ba da damar adana fayiloli har zuwa 16 TB.
3. Ana daukar Ext4 a matsayin babban mai fafatawa Xfs. Amfaninta shine algorithm na musamman, ana kiranta "Aka jinkirta rarraba sarari". Lokacin da aka aika bayanai don yin rikodi, an sanya shi cikin RAM kuma ana jiran ajiye layi a cikin sarari diski. Motsawa zuwa HDD ana aiwatar dashi ne kawai lokacin da RAM ya ƙare ko kuma ya kasance cikin sauran ayyukan. Wannan jerin yana ba ku damar tsara ƙananan ayyuka zuwa cikin manyan kuma rage rage hanyoyin watsa labarai.

Game da zaɓi na tsarin fayil don shigar da OS, yana da kyau ga matsakaicin mai amfani da zaɓi zaɓi da aka ba da shawarar yayin shigarwa. Wannan yawanci shine Etx4 ko XFS. Masu amfani da ci gaba sun riga sun yi amfani da FS don bukatun su, suna amfani da nau'ikan sa daban don kammala ayyukan.

Tsarin fayil ɗin yana canzawa bayan tsara drive, don haka wannan tsari ne mai mahimmanci wanda yake ba ku damar share fayiloli kawai, amma kuma gyara matsaloli tare da karfinsu ko karatu. Muna ba da shawara ka karanta abu na musamman wanda tsarin tsara HDD daidai yake gwargwadon iko.

Kara karantawa: Mecece hanyar diski da yadda ake yin shi daidai

Bugu da kari, tsarin fayil ɗin ya haɗu da rukuni na sassan zuwa gungu. Kowane nau'in yana yin wannan ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma zai iya aiki tare da takamaiman adadin sassan bayanan kawai. Gungu sun bambanta da girma, ƙananan sun dace da aiki tare da fayiloli masu nauyi, kuma manyan suna da fa'idar kasancewa da rashin ƙarfi ga rarrabuwa.

Rarrabawa ya bayyana saboda ci gaba da rubuta bayanai. A lokaci mai tsawo, fayilolin da aka raba cikin toshe ana ajiye su gaba ɗaya daban-daban na diski kuma ana buƙatar ɓataccen jagora don sake tsara wurin su da ƙara saurin HDD.

Karanta Karatu: Duk Abin da kuke Bukatar Ku sani Game da Bikin Lissafin Wanka

Akwai sauran bayanai da yawa game da tsarin ma'anar kayan aikin da ake tambaya, ɗauka tsarin fayiloli iri ɗaya da kuma tsarin rubuta su zuwa sassa. Koyaya, a yau munyi ƙoƙarin gaya muku a sauƙaƙe game da mahimman abubuwan da zai zama da amfani a sani ga kowane mai amfani da PC wanda ke son bincika duniyar abubuwan haɗin.

Karanta kuma:
Sake bugun wuya. Gabatarwa
Abubuwan haɗari masu haɗari a kan HDD