Mahaifi na cikin kowace kwamfyuta kuma daya ne daga cikin manyan abubuwanda ke ciki. Sauran abubuwan haɗin ciki da na waje an haɗa su, suna samar da tsarin duka. Bangaren da aka ambata a sama saiti ne na kwakwalwan kwamfuta da masu haɗin da yawa waɗanda ke kan paleti ɗaya kuma an haɗa su. A yau za mu yi magana game da manyan bayanai na motherboard.
Dubi kuma: Zaɓin uwa na kwamfuta
Masana'antar Kwamfuta Komputa
Kusan kowane mai amfani ya fahimci aikin motherboard a cikin PC, amma akwai hujjoji waɗanda ba kowa ba ne suka sani ba. Muna ba da shawarar cewa ka karanta sauran labarin a hanyar haɗin da ke ƙasa don bincika wannan batun dalla-dalla, amma za mu ci gaba zuwa binciken abubuwan.
Kara karantawa: Matsayin uwa-uba a komfuta
Chipset
Ya kamata ku fara da kayan haɗin haɗin - chipset. Tsarin sa yana da nau'i biyu, wanda ya bambanta da dangantakar gadoji. Tsarin arewa da kudu zai iya tafiya daban ko kuma a haɗa shi cikin tsarin guda. Kowannensu yana da masu sarrafawa iri-iri a cikin jirgin, alal misali, gadar kudu tana ba da haɗin haɗin kayan kayan keɓaɓɓun, ya ƙunshi masu sarrafa diski mai wuya. Arewacin gada yana aiki a matsayin haɗaɗɗiyar aikin injiniya, katin zane, RAM da abubuwa a ƙarƙashin gadar kudu.
A sama, mun ba da hanyar haɗi zuwa labarin "Yadda za a zaɓi mahaifin." A ciki, zaku iya fahimtar kanku dalla-dalla tare da gyare-gyare da bambance-bambance na kwakwalwan kwamfuta daga masana'antun da suka shahara.
Mai sarrafawa soket
Soket mai sarrafa kansa shine mai haɗawa inda ainihin an haɗa wannan kayan. Yanzu manyan masana'antun CPUs sune AMD da Intel, kowannensu ya sami ci gaba na musamman, don haka aka zaɓi samfurin motherboard dangane da CPU ɗin da aka zaɓa. Amma ga mai haɗawa da kansa, karamin ƙaramin fili ne tare da fil. Daga sama, ana rufe soket da farantin karfe tare da mariƙin - wannan yana taimaka wa injin din ya zauna cikin soket ɗin.
Duba kuma: Shigar da kayan aiki a madadin uwa
Yawancin lokaci, firam ɗin CPU_FAN don haɗa ƙarfin mai sanyaya yana kusa, kuma akwai ramuka huɗu don sanya shi a kan jirgin kanta.
Duba kuma: Shigarwa da cire mai sanyaya kayan aiki
Akwai nau'ikan soket da yawa, da yawa daga cikinsu basu dace da juna ba, saboda suna da lambobi daban-daban da abubuwan tsari. Karanta yadda zaka gano wannan halayyar a cikin sauran kayanmu a hanyoyin da ke ƙasa.
Karin bayanai:
Gano soket mai sarrafa kansa
Gano soket din
PCI da PCI-Express
PCI raguwa yake a zahiri kuma an fassara shi azaman ma'amala tsakanin sassan yanki. An ba da wannan sunan ga bas mai dacewa a kan kwamfutar tsarin kwamfutar. Babban burinta shine shigar da fitarwa na bayanai. Akwai canje-canje da yawa na PCI, kowannensu ya bambanta a cikin babban bandwidth, ƙarfin lantarki da kuma yanayin tsari. Masu gyara TV, katunan sauti, adaftar SATA, modem da katunan bidiyo suna da haɗin wannan haɗin. PCI-Express kawai yana amfani da samfurin software na PCI, amma sabon ci gaba ne wanda aka tsara don haɗa na'urori masu rikitarwa da yawa. Ya danganta da nau'in sikelin, katunan bidiyo, SSDs, adaftan na cibiyar sadarwa mara waya, katunan sauti masu sana'a, da ƙari mai yawa suna da alaƙa da shi.
Yawan kwatancen PCI da PCI-E akan motherboards sun sha bamban. Lokacin zabar shi, kuna buƙatar kula da kwatancin don tabbatar da cewa kuna da layukan da suka dace.
Karanta kuma:
Muna haɗa katin bidiyo zuwa motherboard PC
Zabi katin zane don uwa
Masu haɗin RAM
Ana kiran Ram ramummuka DIMMs. Dukkanin bangarorin zamani suna amfani da wannan hanyar. Akwai nau'ikansa da yawa, sun bambanta da yawan lambobin sadarwa kuma basu dace da juna ba. Contactsarin ƙarin lambobin sadarwa, an shigar da sabon farantin RAM a cikin wannan mai haɗawar. A yanzu, gyaran DDR4 yana dacewa. Kamar yadda yake a cikin PCI, yawan DIMM ramummuka akan ƙirar motherboard sun bambanta. Mafi yawan lokuta akwai zaɓuɓɓuka tare da masu haɗin biyu ko hudu, waɗanda suke ba ku damar yin aiki a cikin hanyar tashar tashar biyu ko huɗu.
Karanta kuma:
Sanya sabbin RAM
Duba yanayin karfin RAM da motherboard
BIOS guntu
Yawancin masu amfani sun saba da BIOS. Koyaya, idan wannan shine farkon lokacin da kuka ji game da irin wannan ra'ayi, muna bada shawara cewa ku fahimci kanku da sauran kayanmu akan wannan batun, wanda zaku samu a mahaɗin da ke biye.
Kara karantawa: Menene BIOS
Lambar BIOS tana kan wani keɓaɓɓen guntu wanda aka girka akan mahaifar. Ana kiranta EEPROM. Wannan nau'in ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana goyan bayan ɓarna mai yawa da kuma rikodin bayanai, amma yana da ƙarancin iko. A sikirin dakyar a kasa, zaku iya ganin yadda guntun BIOS akan kwakwalwar mamata yake.
Bugu da ƙari, ana adana ƙirar BIOS a cikin chian kwakwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai ƙarfi wanda ake kira CMOS. Hakanan yana yin rikodin wasu daidaitawa na kwamfuta. Wannan ƙarfin ana amfani da shi ta hanyar batirin dabam, wanda sauyawa wanda ke haifar da sake saita saitunan BIOS zuwa saitunan masana'antu.
Duba kuma: Canza baturin a cikin uwa
Masu haɗin SATA & IDE
A baya can, an hada da rumbun kwamfyuta da injin din gani-da-ido a komputa tare da amfani da IDE interface (ATA) da ke kan uwa.
Duba kuma: Haɗa drive ɗin zuwa cikin uwa
Yanzu mafi yawan masu haɗin SATA na bita daban-daban, waɗanda suka bambanta a tsakanin su sosai ta hanyar canja wurin bayanai. Ana amfani da musayar wurare da aka haɗa don haɗa na'urorin adana bayanai (HDD ko SSD). Lokacin zabar abubuwan da aka gyara, yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da yawan waɗannan mashigai a kan motherboard, tunda zasu iya zama daga biyu ko fiye.
Karanta kuma:
Hanyoyi don haɗa babban rumbun kwamfutarka na biyu zuwa kwamfuta
Muna haɗa SSD zuwa kwamfutar ko kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka
Masu haɗin lantarki
Baya ga ire-iren fannoni daban-daban akan bangaren da aka yi la’akari da su, akwai masu haɗin da yawa don wadatar da wutar lantarki. Mafi girman dukkan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na mahaifiyar ita kanta. Kebul daga wutan lantarki ya makale a wurin, yana tabbatar da samar da wutan lantarki daidai ga sauran abubuwan da aka gyara.
Kara karantawa: Haɗa wutan lantarki zuwa cikin uwa
Duk kwamfutoci suna cikin lamarin, wanda shima yana da maballin daban daban, alamomi da kuma masu haɗi. Powerarfinsu yana da alaƙa ta hanyar lambobin sadarwa daban-daban na Kwamitin gaban.
Duba kuma: Haɗa gaban allon gaba da uwa
Keɓaɓɓen nuna USB ke duba jacks. Galibi suna da lambobin tara ko goma. Haɗin su na iya bambanta, saboda haka a hankali karanta umarnin kafin fara taro.
Karanta kuma:
Pinout na masu haɗin gwal
PWR_FAN lambobin sadarwa a kan motherboard
Fuskokin waje
Dukkanin kayan aikin komputa suna haɗin kai a cikin kwamiti na tsarin amfani da masu haɗin da aka keɓe. A gefen allon uwa, zaku iya lura da kebul na USB, tashar jiragen ruwa, VGA, tashar tashar sadarwa ta Ethernet, fitowar kayan wuta da shigarwar inda aka shigar da kebul daga makirufo, belun kunne da lasifika. A kan kowane samfurin kayan haɗin, saitin haɗin haɗi ya bambanta.
Munyi nazari dalla-dalla ainihin abubuwan haɗin uwa. Kamar yadda kake gani, kwamitin yana da yawancin maɓuɓɓuka, microcircuits da masu haɗin don haɗin haɗin lantarki, abubuwan ciki na ciki da kayan kewaye. Muna fatan cewa bayanin da aka bayar a sama ya taimaka muku fahimtar tsarin wannan kayan aikin na PC.
Karanta kuma:
Abinda yakamata idan mahaifiyar bata fara ba
Kunna motherboard ba tare da maballin ba
Babban malfunctions na motherboard
Umarnin don maye gurbin capacitors a kan motherboard
