A zamanin yau, kowane tsarin aiki ba a la'akari da shi cikakke idan ba shi da yanayin mai amfani da yawa. Don haka a cikin Linux. A baya, a cikin OS, akwai manyan flags uku kawai waɗanda ke sarrafa haƙƙin samun damar kowane takamaiman mai amfani, waɗannan suna karanta, rubutu da aiwatarwa kai tsaye. Koyaya, bayan ɗan lokaci, masu haɓakawa sun fahimci cewa wannan bai isa ba kuma sun kirkiro ƙungiyoyi na musamman na masu amfani da wannan OS. Tare da taimakonsu, mutane da yawa suna iya samun damar yin amfani da albarkatu iri ɗaya.
Hanyoyi don ƙara masu amfani zuwa rukunoni
Babu shakka kowane mai amfani zai iya zaɓar rukunin farko, wanda zai zama babban rukunin, da na gaba, wanda zai iya shiga da nufinsa. Zai dace mu bayyana waɗannan mahangar:
- Createdungiyoyin farko (babban) an kirkiresu kai tsaye bayan rajista a cikin OS. Wannan na faruwa ta atomatik. Mai amfani yana da 'yancin kasancewa cikin rukunin farko ɗaya kawai, sunan da aka saba sanya shi bisa ga sunan mai amfani da aka shigar.
- Groupsungiyoyin ɓangaren zaɓin ne, kuma na iya canzawa yayin amfani da kwamfuta. Koyaya, kar ka manta cewa yawan sideungiyoyin suna da iyaka sosai kuma baza su iya wuce 32 ba.
Yanzu bari mu bincika yadda zaku iya hulɗa tare da rukunin masu amfani a cikin rarraba Linux.
Hanyar 1: Shirye-shiryen GUI
Abin baƙin ciki, babu wani babban tsari a cikin Linux wanda ke da aikin ƙara sabbin ƙungiyoyi masu amfani. Ganin wannan, ana amfani da wani tsari daban-daban akan kowanne mutum zane mai zane.
KUser ga KDE
Don ƙara sababbin masu amfani zuwa rukunin a cikin rarraba Linux tare da kwalliyar kwalliya ta tebur KDE, ana amfani da shirin Kuser, wanda za'a iya sanyawa a komputa ta hanyar rubuta zuwa "Terminal" oda:
sudo dace-samu shigar kuser
kuma ta latsawa Shigar.
Wannan aikace-aikacen yana da ingantacciyar ke dubawa, wanda ya dace da aiki tare. Don ƙara mai amfani ga rukunin rukuni, dole ne ka fara danna sunansa sau biyu, sannan, a cikin taga da ta bayyana, je zuwa shafin "Rukunoni" sannan ka duba akwatunan da kake son kara wa wanda aka zaba.
Mai sarrafa mai amfani na Gnome 3
Amma game da Gnome, to, gudanarwar rukunin kungiyar kusan babu bambanci. Kuna buƙatar kawai shigar da shirin da ya dace, wanda yake daidai yake da wanda ya gabata. Bari mu kalli misalin rarar CentOS.
Don sanyawa Mai sarrafa mai amfani, kuna buƙatar gudu umarnin:
sudo yum shigar-masu-saita-tsarin
Bude bude shirin, zaka ga:
Don ƙarin aiki, danna sau biyu a kan sunan mai amfani kuma juya zuwa shafin da ake kira "Rukunoni"wannan yana buɗewa a cikin wani sabon taga. A cikin wannan ɓangaren zaku iya zaɓar daidai waɗancan rukunonin waɗanda kuka sha'awar. Don yin wannan, kawai kuna buƙatar bincika akwatunan waɗanda kuke so waɗanda kuke so. Bugu da kari, zaku iya zaba ko canza babban rukunin:
Masu amfani da upsungiyoyi don haɗin kai
Kamar yadda kake gani, amfani da shirye-shiryen da ke sama basu da bambanci. Koyaya, don shellan zane mai hoto na Unity, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin rarraba Ubuntu kuma haɓaka mallakar mahaɗan ne, ƙungiyar masu amfani sun bambanta kaɗan. Amma duk cikin tsari.
Da farko shigar da zama dole shirin. Ana yin wannan ta atomatik, bayan aiwatar da umarni mai zuwa a cikin "Terminal":
sudo dace shigar da gnome-tsarin-kayayyakin aiki
Idan kuna son ƙarawa ko goge ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar data kasance ko mai amfani, je zuwa babban menu kuma latsa maɓallin Gudanar da Rukunin (1). Bayan abin da aka gama, sai taga ta bayyana a gabanka Zaɓuɓɓukan Rukuni, wanda zaku iya ganin jeri na duk rukunin da ke cikin tsarin:
Yin amfani da maɓallin "Kadarorin" (2) zaka iya zaɓi rukunin da kuka fi so kuma ƙara wa masu amfani da shi sauƙi ta hanyar share su.
Hanyar 2: Terminal
Don ƙara sababbin masu amfani a cikin tsarin tushen Linux, masana suna ba da shawarar amfani da tashar, tunda wannan hanyar tana ba da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka. A saboda wannan dalili ana amfani da umarnin.mai amfani- Zai baka damar canza sigogi zuwa ga yadda kake so. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, babban amfanin yin aiki tare da "Terminal" shi ne matuƙar ƙarewa - koyarwar ta zama ruwan dare ga duk rarrabuwa.
Syntax
Umurnin umarnin ba shi da rikitarwa kuma ya ƙunshi fannoni uku:
za optionsumodukan Sanarwa na amfani
Zaɓuɓɓuka
Yanzu kawai zaɓuɓɓukan asali na umarnin za a yi la'akari.mai amfaniwannan yana ba ku damar ƙara sababbin masu amfani zuwa rukunoni. Ga jerin su:
- -g - yana ba ku damar saita ƙarin babban rukunin don mai amfani, duk da haka, irin wannan rukunin ya kamata ya wanzu, kuma duk fayiloli a cikin kundin gida za su tafi kai tsaye ga wannan rukunin.
- -G - additionalarin ƙarin ƙungiyoyi na musamman;
- -a - yana ba ku damar zaɓi mai amfani daga rukunin zaɓi -G kuma ƙara shi zuwa wasu groupsungiyoyin da aka zaɓa ban da canza darajar yanzu;
Tabbas, jimlar adadin zaɓuɓɓuka sun fi girma yawa, amma muna la’akari da waɗanda za a iya buƙata don kammala aikin.
Misalai
Yanzu bari mu matsa zuwa aikacewa kuma muyi amfani da umarnin a matsayin misalimai amfani. Misali, kuna buƙatar ƙara sabbin masu amfani a rukuni sudo linux, wanda zai isa ya gudanar da wannan umarni a ciki "Terminal":
sudo mai amfani-da -G mai amfani da dabaran
Yana da mahimmanci a lura da gaskiyar cewa idan kun ware zaɓi daga syntax a kuma bar kawai -G, saannan mai amfani zai rusa duk wadancan kungiyoyi da kuka kirkira a baya, kuma wannan na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Yi la’akari da misali mai sauƙi. Kun goge rukuninku da ke yanzu dabaranƙara mai amfani zuwa rukuni faifaikoyaya, bayan haka kuna buƙatar sake saita kalmar wucewa kuma ba za ku sake yin amfani da haƙƙin da aka sanya muku ba tun da wuri.
Don tabbatar da bayanin mai amfani, zaku iya amfani da umarnin:
id mai amfani
Bayan duk abin da aka yi, zaku iya gani cewa an ƙara ƙarin ƙungiyar, kuma dukkanin rukunin da suka gabata sun wanzu a wurin. Idan kuna shirin ƙara ƙungiyoyi da yawa a lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar kawai raba su da wakala.
sudo mai amfani-da -G diski, mai amfani da akwatin akwatin
Da farko, lokacin ƙirƙirar babban rukuni na mai amfani yana ɗaukar sunansa, duk da haka, idan ana so, zaka iya canza shi zuwa wanda kake so, misali, masu amfani:
sudo usermod -g mai amfani mai amfani
Don haka, kuna gani cewa sunan babban rukuni ya canza. Za'a iya amfani da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka masu kama da yanayin ƙara sababbin masu amfani a rukunin. sudo linuxamfani da sauki umarni useradd.
Kammalawa
Daga duk abubuwan da ke sama, ana iya jaddada cewa akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don yadda za a ƙara mai amfani ga ƙungiyar Linux, kuma kowannensu yana da kyau a yadda yake. Misali, idan kai masani ne mai fasaha ko kuma kana son kammalawa da sauri cikin sauri, to mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a yi amfani da shirye-shirye tare da kerar mai hoto. Idan ka yanke shawarar yin canje-canje na kadari ga kungiyoyi, to don waɗannan dalilai wajibi ne don amfani "Terminal" tare da kungiyarmai amfani.
