Lissafin Amincewa na Amincewa da Microsoft Microsoft

Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin magance matsalolin ilimin lissafi shine ƙididdige tazara ta aminta. Ana amfani dashi azaman madadin da aka zaɓi don nuna kimantawa tare da ƙaramin samfurin. Ya kamata a lura cewa aiwatar da yin lissafin tazara ɗin tabbacin yana da rikitarwa. Amma kayan aikin Excel na iya sauƙaƙa shi kaɗan. Bari mu gano yadda ake yin hakan a aikace.

Karanta kuma: Ayyukan ƙididdiga a cikin Excel

Tsarin lissafi

Ana amfani da wannan hanyar a cikin tsaka-tsakin tazara na daidaitattun ƙididdiga. Babban aikin wannan lissafin shine kawar da rashin tabbas na kimanta ma'anar.

A cikin Excel akwai manyan zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu don yin lissafin ta amfani da wannan hanyar: lokacin da aka san bambancin, da kuma lokacin da ba a sani ba. A farkon lamari, ana amfani da aikin don ƙididdigewa GASKIYAkuma a na biyu - GASKIYA.

Hanyar 1: AIKI TRUST.NORM

Mai aiki GASKIYA, kasancewar ƙungiyar ƙididdigar ayyukan ayyuka, ya fara bayyana a Excel 2010. A sigogin farko na wannan shirin, ana amfani da analog ɗin GASKIYA. Aikin wannan mai siye shine ƙididdigar kwatancen tabbaci tare da rarraba al'ada don matsakaicin yawan jama'a.

Syntax kamar haka:

= TRUST.NORM (alfa; misali_off; girma)

Alfa - gardama mai nuna mahimmancin matakin da ake amfani dashi don ƙididdige matakin amincewa. Confidencearfin ƙarfin gwiwa ya yi daidai da bayanin da ke tafe:

(1- "Alfa") * 100

"Tabbatacciyar karkatarwa" - Wannan hujja ce, asalin abin da ya tabbata daga sunan. Wannan shine daidaitaccen karkatar da samfurin da aka gabatar.

"Girman" - wata mahawara wacce ke tantance girman samfurin.

Ana buƙatar duk mahawara ga wannan ma'aikacin.

Aiki GASKIYA yana da daidai wannan mahawara da damar kamar na baya. Syntax kamar haka:

= GASKIYA (alfa; misali_off; girma)

Kamar yadda kake gani, bambance-bambancen suna kawai da sunan mai aiki. An bar aikin da aka ƙayyade a cikin Excel 2010 kuma a cikin sababbin juyi a cikin rukuni na musamman don dalilai masu dacewa. "Amincewa". A cikin juzu'i na Excel 2007 da a baya, yana nan cikin babban rukuni na manajan ƙididdiga.

An ƙaddara iyaka ta atomatik ta amfani da dabara mai zuwa:

X + (-) GASKIYA.NORM

Ina X shine matsakaicin ƙimar samfurin da ke tsakiyar tsakiyar zaɓin da aka zaɓa.

Yanzu bari mu kalli yadda ake lissafin tazara ta amfani da takamaiman misali. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje 12, a sakamakon wanda aka jera sakamako daban-daban a cikin tebur. Wannan shine jimlarmu. Matsakaicin karkacewar shine 8. Muna buƙatar lissafta tazara tsakanin ƙarfin gwiwa akan matakin kashi 97%.

1. Zaɓi sel inda sakamakon sarrafa bayanai zai nuna. Latsa maballin "Saka aikin".



2. Ya bayyana Mayan fasalin. Je zuwa rukuni "Na lissafi" kuma zaɓi sunan GASKIYA. Bayan haka, danna maɓallin "Ok".



3. Akwatin gardamar ta buɗe. Filinta a zahiri daidai yake da sunayen muhawara.
   Sanya siginan kwamfuta zuwa farkon filin - Alfa. Anan zamu iya nuna matakin mahimmanci. Kamar yadda muke tunawa, matakin karfin zuciyar mu shine kashi 97%. A lokaci guda, mun ce an ƙididdige ta wannan hanyar:

   (1- "Alfa") * 100

   Don haka, don ƙididdige matakin mahimmanci, shine, ƙayyade ƙimar Alfa Ya kamata ayi amfani da tsari irin wannan:

   (Amincewa 1-matakin amincewa) / 100

   Wannan shine, musan darajar, mun samu:

   (1-97)/100

   Ta hanyar lissafin sauki muna gano cewa hujja Alfa daidai yake da 0,03. Shigar da wannan darajar a fagen.

   Kamar yadda kuka sani, ta hanyar ka'idar daidaitaccen tsari shine 8. Saboda haka a fagen "Tabbatacciyar karkatarwa" kawai a rubuta wannan lambar.

   A fagen "Girman" kuna buƙatar shigar da adadin abubuwan abubuwan gwaje-gwajen. Kamar yadda muke tuna su 12. Amma don sarrafa kansa tsari kuma ba gyara shi duk lokacin da aka gudanar da sabon gwaji, bari mu saita wannan darajar ba tare da adadi ba, amma tare da taimakon mai aiki LABARI. Don haka, saita siginan kwamfuta a cikin filin "Girman", sannan danna kan alwatika, wanda yake gefen hagu na layin tsari.

   Lissafin kayan aikin da aka yi amfani dasu kwanan nan ya bayyana. Idan mai aiki LABARI amfani da ku kwanan nan, yakamata ya kasance akan wannan jerin. A wannan yanayin, kawai kuna buƙatar danna sunan sa. A akasin wannan, idan ba ku same shi ba, to, ku tafi "Sauran sifofin ...".



4. Ya bayyana mana riga mun saba Mayan fasalin. Bayan haka mun matsa zuwa kungiyar "Na lissafi". Mun zabi sunan a wurin "LATSA". Latsa maballin "Ok".



5. Takobin muhawara na bayanin da ke sama ya bayyana. An tsara wannan aikin don ƙididdige adadin ƙwayoyin sel a cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon da ke da ƙimar lambobi. Syntax kamar haka:

   = COUNT (darajar1; darajar2; ...)

   Rukunin muhawara "Dabi'u" hanyar haɗi ne zuwa ga kewayon abin da kuke buƙatar lissafta adadin ƙwayoyin da aka cika da lambobi. A cikin duka, ana iya samun har zuwa 255 irin wannan muhawara, amma a yanayinmu kawai ana buƙatar guda ɗaya.

   Sanya siginan kwamfuta a cikin filin "Darajar1" kuma, rike maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu, zaɓi kewayawa akan takaddun da ya ƙunshi yawanmu. Sannan za'a bayyana adireshin sa a cikin filin. Latsa maballin "Ok".



6. Bayan wannan, aikace-aikacen zai yi lissafin kuma ya nuna sakamakon a cikin tantanin da yake. A cikin halinmu na musamman, tsari yana daga cikin masu zuwa:

   = TRUST.NORM (0.03; 8; LATSA (B2: B13))

   Sakamakon lissafin jimlar ya kasance 5,011609.



7. Amma wannan ba duka bane. Kamar yadda muke tunawa, ana lissafta iyakar ƙarfin amincewa ta hanyar ƙara da rage daga ƙimar samfurin ƙimar sakamakon ƙididdigar GASKIYA. Ta wannan hanyar, ana ƙididdige iyakokin dama da hagu na tazara amincewa gwargwado. Ana iya yin lissafin ƙimar samfurin kanta da amfani ta hanyar afareta. KYAUTA.

   An tsara wannan ma'aikacin don ƙididdige ma'anar lissafi na zaɓin adadin lambobi. Yana da abubuwa masu sauki a aikace:

   = SAURARA (lamba1; lamba2; ...)

   Hujja "Lambar" yana iya zama wata lambar lambobi daban, ko hanyar haɗi zuwa sel ko ma dukkan jeri waɗanda ke ɗauke da su.

   Don haka, zaɓi tantanin da za'a lissafta ƙimar matsakaicin, kuma danna maballin "Saka aikin".



8. Yana buɗewa Mayan fasalin. Komawa ga rukuni "Na lissafi" kuma zaɓi sunan daga jeri SRZNACH. Kamar yadda koyaushe, danna maɓallin "Ok".



9. Daga nan sai taga gardamar ta fara. Sanya siginan kwamfuta a cikin filin "Lambar1" kuma tare da maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu, danna, zaɓi duk dabi'un dabi'u. Bayan an nuna kwarrafan a fagen, danna maballin "Ok".



10. Bayan haka KYAUTA yana nuna sakamakon ƙididdigewa a cikin samfurin takardar.



11. Mun ƙididdige iyakar dama na tazara ɗin tabbaci. Don yin wannan, zaɓi sel daban, saka alama "=" kuma ƙara abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan takardar wanda sakamakon sakamakon lissafin aikin yake KYAUTA da GASKIYA. Domin aiwatar da lissafin, danna maballin Shigar. A cikin lamarinmu, an samo dabarar mai zuwa:

    = F2 + A16

    Sakamakon lissafin: 6,953276



12. Ta wannan hanyar, muna ƙididdige iyakokin hagu na tazara ɗin tabbacin, wannan lokacin ne kawai daga sakamakon lissafin KYAUTA rage sakamakon lissafin mai aiki GASKIYA. Yana bayyana tsari don misalin mu na gaba:

    = F2-A16

    Sakamakon lissafin: -3,06994



13. Mun yi ƙoƙarin bayyana dalla-dalla dukkan matakan don ƙididdige tazara na tabbacin, don haka mun ba da cikakken bayani dabarun daki-daki. Amma zaka iya hada dukkan ayyukan a cikin tsari guda. Ana iya yin lissafin iyakokin dama na amintacciyar takaddama kamar haka:

    = SAURARA (B2: B13) + TRUST.NORM (0.03; 8; LATSA (B2: B13))



14. Wani lissafi mai kama da iyakar hagu zai yi kama da haka:

    = SAURARA (B2: B13) - TRUST.NORM (0.03; 8; LATSA (B2: B13))

Hanyar 2: AIKIN GASKIYA

Bugu da kari, a cikin Excel akwai wani aikin da yake da alaƙa da lissafin tazara ɗin amincewa - GASKIYA. Ya bayyana ne tun Excel 2010. Wannan ma'aikacin yana lissafin kwatancen kwarjinin yawan jama'a yayi amfani da rabar daliban. Yana da matukar dacewa don amfani lokacin da bambance bambancen kuma, saboda haka, daidaitattun karkatattun ba a sani ba. Syntax ɗin mai aiki kamar haka:

= LABARIN GASKIYA (alfa; misali_off; girma)

Kamar yadda kake gani, sunayen masu aiki a wannan yanayin bai canza ba.

Bari mu ga yadda za a ƙididdige iyakokin ƙarfin amintattu tare da ɓataccen ɓataccen ɓataccen amfani ta amfani da misalan jimlar guda ɗaya waɗanda muka yi la’akari da su a cikin hanyar da ta gabata. Matsayi na amincewa, kamar yadda na ƙarshe, shine 97%.

1. Zaɓi tantanin da za'a yi lissafin. Latsa maballin "Saka aikin".



2. A cikin bude Mayen aiki je zuwa rukuni "Na lissafi". Zaɓi suna DOVERIT.STUDENT. Latsa maballin "Ok".



3. An ƙaddamar da taga gardamar mai aiki da aka ƙayyade.

   A fagen Alfa, la'akari da cewa matakin amincewa shine kashi 97%, mun rubuta lamba 0,03. Karo na biyu baza muyi tunani kan ka'idodin yin lissafin wannan siga ba.

   Bayan haka, saita siginan kwamfuta a cikin filin "Tabbatacciyar karkatarwa". Wannan lokacin wannan mai nuna ba a san mu ba kuma yana buƙatar yin lissafi. Ana yin wannan ta amfani da aiki na musamman - STANDOTLON.V. Don buɗe taga wannan afareta, danna kan alwatika zuwa hagu na ɓarin dabara. Idan jeri bai samo sunan da ake so ba, to sai a je "Sauran sifofin ...".



4. Ya fara Mayan fasalin. Mun matsa zuwa rukuni "Na lissafi" kuma yi alama sunan a ciki STANDOTKLON.V. Saika danna maballin "Ok".



5. Tattaunawa ta buɗe tana buɗewa. Aikin mai aiki STANDOTLON.V shine ƙuduri na daidaituwa ga daidaito na samfurin. Ginin sa yana kama da haka:

   = STD. B (lamba1; lamba2; ...))

   Abu ne mai sauki mutum yayi tunanin cewa gardamar "Lambar" shine adireshin abun da aka zaba. Idan an sanya zaɓi a cikin tsari guda, to zaka iya, ta amfani da hujja ɗaya kawai, bayar da hanyar haɗi zuwa wannan kewayon.

   Sanya siginan kwamfuta a cikin filin "Lambar1" kuma, kamar yadda koyaushe, riƙe maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta na hagu, zaɓi yawan jama'a. Bayan da masu gudanarwar suke a fagen, kada ku yi saurin danna maɓallin "Ok", saboda sakamakon ba daidai bane. Da farko muna buƙatar komawa zuwa taga muhawara mai aiki GASKIYAdon yin gardama ta ƙarshe. Don yin wannan, danna sunan da ya dace a cikin masarar dabara.



6. Taga muhawara na aikin da ya saba da shi yana buɗewa kuma. Sanya siginan kwamfuta a cikin filin "Girman". Kuma, danna kan alwatika wanda muka saba da shi don zuwa zaɓin masu aiki. Kamar yadda kuka fahimta, muna buƙatar suna "LATSA". Tunda munyi amfani da wannan aikin a cikin lissafin hanyar da ta gabata, yana nan a cikin wannan jeri, don haka kawai danna kan sa. Idan ba ku same shi ba, to, ku bi algorithm ɗin da aka bayyana a cikin hanyar farko.



7. Da zarar a cikin muhawara taga LABARIsanya siginan kwamfuta a cikin filin "Lambar1" kuma tare da maɓallin linzamin kwamfuta da aka riƙe ƙasa, za mu zaɓi saitin. Saika danna maballin "Ok".



8. Bayan wannan, shirin yana ƙididdige kuma yana nuna darajar tazara tsakanin amincewa.



9. Don ƙayyade iyakokin, muna buƙatar sake ƙididdige matsakaicin darajar samfurin. Amma, ba cewa lissafin lissafi ta hanyar amfani da dabara KYAUTA iri ɗaya ne kamar yadda a cikin hanyar da ta gabata, kuma har ma sakamakon bai canza ba, ba za mu sake kasancewa a kan wannan a karo na biyu ba.



10. Upara sakamakon lissafin KYAUTA da GASKIYA, mun sami madaidaicin iyaka na tabbacin tazara.



11. Ragewa daga sakamakon lissafin mai aiki KYAUTA sakamakon lissafi GASKIYA, muna da iyakar hagu na tabbataccen tazara.



12. Idan an rubuta lissafin a cikin tsari guda, to, lissafin iyakar da ya dace a lamarinmu zai yi kama da haka:

    = SAURARA (B2: B13) + GASKIYA. MALAMI (0.03; STD CLIP. B (B2: B13); LATSA (B2: B13))



13. Dangane da wannan, tsari don yin lissafin iyakar hagu zai yi kama da haka:

    = SAURARA (B2: B13) - GASKIYA. MALAMAN (0.03; STD CLIP. B (B2: B13); LATSA (B2: B13))

Kamar yadda kake gani, kayan aikin Excel na iya sauƙaƙe ƙididdigar tazara tsakanin ƙarfin gwiwa da iyakokinta. Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da masu aiki dabam don samfurori waɗanda aka san bambancin da ba a sani ba.