HDD, diski mai wuya, rumbun kwamfutarka - duk waɗannan sunayen ɗaya daga cikin sanannun na'urar adana bayanai ne. A cikin wannan kayan za mu gaya muku game da tushen fasahar irin waɗannan keken ɗin, game da yadda za a iya adana bayanai a kansu, da kuma sauran abubuwan fasaha da ka'idodin aiki.
Na'urar tuki
Dangane da cikakken sunan wannan na'urar ajiya - rumbun kwamfutarka mai wuya (HDD) - zaka iya fahimtar abin da yake kwance a zuciyar aikin sa. Saboda ƙarancinsu da ƙarfinsu, an sanya waɗannan ɗakunan ajiya a cikin kwamfutoci da yawa: PC, kwamfyutoci, sabobin, Allunan, da sauransu. Wani fasali na musamman na HDD shine ikon adana bayanai masu yawa, alhali suna da ƙananan girma. A ƙasa za muyi magana game da tsarin sa na ciki, ƙa'idodin aiki da sauran fasali. Bari mu fara!
Hermoblock da hukumar lantarki
Ana kiran fiber gilashin kore da jan karfe a jikinta, tare da masu haɗin don haɗa ƙarfin lantarki da dutsen SATA, ana kiran su. kwamitin sarrafawa (Buga Circuit Board, PCB). Wannan mahaɗin da aka haɗa yana aiki don daidaita aiki da faifai tare da PC da kuma gudanar da dukkan matakai a cikin HDD. An kira shari'ar baƙar fata na fata da abin da ke ciki an kulle ɗaukar ido (Shugaban da Disk Majalisar, HDA).
A cikin tsakiyar da'irar da aka haɗa itace babbar caca - wannan karafarini (Rukunin Mai Gudanar da Micro, MCU). A cikin HDD na yau, microprocessor ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu: naúrar lissafi ta tsakiya (Processungiyar Haɗin Tsarin Tsakiya, CPU), wanda ke hulɗa da duk lissafin, kuma karanta da rubuta tashar - na musamman na’urar da ke sauya siginar analog daga kan kai zuwa mai hankali lokacin da take cikin aiki tana karantawa, kuma akasin haka - dijital zuwa analog yayin rakodi. A microprocessor yana da shigarwa / fitarwa mashigaita hanyar da yake sarrafa sauran abubuwan da ke jikin jirgin kuma suna musayar bayanai ta hanyar haɗin SATA.
Wani guntu da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kewaye shine DDR SDRAM (guntin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya). Adadinsa yana ƙayyade adadin cache ɗin rumbun kwamfutarka. An rarraba wannan guntu cikin ƙwaƙwalwar firmware, wani ɓangaren ɓoye a cikin rumbun kwamfutarka, kuma mai amfani da mai aikin da ake buƙata don ɗaukar kayayyaki firmware.
Ana kiran guntu na uku injin da kuma mai kula da kai (Mai Kula da Motar Abinci na Murya, mai kula da VCM). Yana kulawa da ƙarin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki waɗanda suke kan jirgin. Ana ba da ƙarfin lantarki ta hanyar microprocessor da preamp sauya (preamplifier) kunshe ne a cikin abin da aka rufe. Wannan mai kulawa yana buƙatar makamashi fiye da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin jirgi, saboda yana da alhakin juyawa na juyawa da motsin kawunan. Babbar preamplifier-switch yana da ikon yin aiki idan ya mai zafi zuwa 100 ° C! Lokacin da aka kawo wuta ga HDD, microcontroller zai sauke abubuwan da ke cikin faifan kwakwalwar a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar sannan ya fara aiwatar da umarnin da aka shimfida a ciki. Idan lambar ta kasa yin nauyin da ya dace, HDD din ma bazai iya fara gabatarwa ba. Hakanan, za'a iya haɗa ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya a cikin microcontroller, kuma ba'a dauke shi akan kwamiti ba.
Ana zaune a kan da'irar firikwensin firikwensin (firgita firikwensin) yana ƙaddara matakin girgizawa. Idan yayi la'akari da tsananin ƙarfinsa, za a aika da siginar zuwa injin da mai kula da sarrafa kansa, bayan haka nan da nan ya tsayar da kawuna ko kuma ya dakatar da jujjuyawar HDD. A ka'idar, an tsara wannan inji ne don kare HDD daga lalacewar injinan daban-daban, kodayake a aikace hakan bashi da fa'ida a gare shi. Sabili da haka, bai kamata ka sauke babban rumbun kwamfutarka ba, saboda wannan na iya haifar da isasshen aiki na firikwensin girgiza, wanda hakan na iya haifar da cikakken inoperability na na'urar. Wasu HDDs suna da firikwensin da ke nuna juyayi ga rawar jiki, wanda ke amsa ƙaramar bayyanarsa. Bayanan da VCM ke karɓa suna taimakawa wajen daidaita motsin kawunan, don haka disks ɗin suna da alaƙa da akalla biyu daga cikin waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
Wata na'urar da aka tsara don kare HDD ita ce mai iyakance kayan lantarki mai sauyawa (Bugun Takaitaccen Wutar lantarki Na Zamani, TVS), an tsara shi don hana yiwuwar lalacewa idan ya faru da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Za'a iya samun irin wannan madaidaici akan da'irar daya.
Dagewar Hermoblock
A ƙarƙashin kwamiti mai haɗaɗɗun takaddun lambobi akwai lambobi daga injin hawa da shugabanni. Anan zaka iya ganin kusan rami na fasaha (rami numfashi), wanda yake daidaita matsin lamba a ciki da waje da yankin da aka rufa da naúrar, yana lalata tatsuniya cewa akwai wani wuri a cikin rumbun kwamfutarka. An rufe yankin ta na ciki da matattara ta musamman wacce ba ta ƙura ƙura da danshi kai tsaye cikin HDD ba.
Hausar garkuwa ta
A ƙarƙashin murfin sashin da aka ɗaure, wanda shine babban ƙarfe na yau da kullun da gurnetin roba wanda ke kare shi daga danshi da ƙura, akwai diski na magnetic.
Hakanan za'a iya kiransu pancakes ko faranti (platters). Ana yin kwastomomi galibi daga gilashin ko alumomin da aka riga an goge shi. Bayan haka an rufe su da yadudduka da dama na abubuwa daban-daban, daga cikinsu akwai ferromagnet - godiya gareshi akwai damar yin rikodi da adana bayanai akan faifai mai wuya. Tsakanin faranti da saman pancake na sama sune yan agaji (dampers ko masu raba shi). Su ma suna fitar da iska suna rage amo. Yawancin lokaci ana yin filastik ko aluminum.
An kebe faranti, wanda aka yi da alumuran, zai iya jurewa da rage yawan zafin jiki a cikin yankin da aka rufe.
Magnetic shugaban toshe
A ƙarshen bakarorin da ke ciki toshe kai (Shugaban Majalisar ackungiyar Stack Assembly, HSA), ana karanta shugabannin / rubuta shugabannin. Lokacin da aka dakatar da zirin, yakamata su kasance a cikin dafa abinci - wannan shine wurin da shugabannin diski mai aiki ke kasancewa a lokacin da ƙugiyar ba ta aiki. A wasu HDDs, filin ajiye motoci yana faruwa ne akan wuraren shirye-shiryen filastik waɗanda ke kusa da faranti.
Don aiki na yau da kullum na diski, kamar yadda iska mai tsabta ke iya ɗaukar ƙaramin barbashi na ƙasashen waje ana buƙatar. A tsawon lokaci, microparticles na lubricant da ƙarfe tsari a cikin drive. Don fitarwa da su, HDDs sanye take wurare dabam dabam (Tacewa ragi), wanda kullun yake tattarawa da tarko kananan abubuwa na abubuwa. An sanya su a cikin hanyar igiyoyin iska, waɗanda aka kafa saboda juyawa daga cikin faranti.
An shigar da karar Neodymium a cikin HDD, wanda zai iya jawo hankali da riƙe nauyi wanda zai iya zama sau 1300 fiye da nasa. Dalilin waɗannan maganadisu a cikin HDD shine iyakance motsi na kawuna ta riƙe su sama da filastik ko aluminium.
Wani bangare na magnetic shugaban shine matattara (muryar murya). Tare tare da maganadisu, yana samar da tsari BMG drivewanda tare da BMG ne Matsayi (actuator) - na'urar da ke motsa kawunan. Ana kiran ingantaccen tsari na wannan na'urar matsa (latiniti latch). Yana kankantar da BMG da zaran kashin ya sami isasshen gudu. A cikin aiwatarwa don saki, matsa lamba na iska ya shiga. Latin yana hana duk wani motsi na kawuna a cikin shirye shiryen.
A karkashin BMG zai kasance ingantaccen tasiri. Yana tabbatar da inganci da daidaito na wannan rukunin. Hakanan akwai wani ɓangare da aka yi da aluminium, wanda ake kira dutsen (hannu). A ƙarshensa, a kan dakatar da bazara, shugabannin suna nan. Daga dutsen ya tafi m na USB (M Fassarar Buga mai saiti, FPC), yana kaiwa ga kushin da ya haɗu da hukumar lantarki.
Ga murhun da aka haɗa da kebul:
Anan zaka iya ganin ɗaukarwa:
Ga lambobin BMG:
Gasket (gasket) yana taimakawa tabbatar da riƙe ƙarfi. Saboda wannan, iska ta shiga rukunin tare da fayafai da kawuna kawai ta hanyar buɗe bakin da ke fitar da matsi. Lambobin wannan faifan an shafe su tare da mafi kyawun kamala, wanda ke haɓaka iya aiki.
Majalisar Braan Adam:
A ƙarshen abubuwan bazara suna da ƙananan sassa - sliders (sliders). Suna taimakawa wajen karantawa da rubuta bayanai ta ɗaga kai sama da faranti. A cikin tuhun zamani, kawuna suna aiki da nisan 5-10 nm daga farfajiyar karfe. Abubuwa don karantawa da rubuta bayanan ana samun su a ƙarshen maɓallin sliders. Suna ƙanƙanuwa sosai ana iya ganin su ta amfani da microscope.
Wadannan bangarorin ba su da cikakkiyar lebur, tunda suna da kayan girke-girke a jikin su, wadanda suke taimakawa kwantar da girman jirgin. Iskan da ke ƙasa yana yin halitta matashin kai (Filin Jirgin Sama, ABS), wanda ke goyan bayan layin jirgin saman layi daya.
Mai gabatarwa - guntu mai alhakin sarrafa kawunan kai da fadada siginar zuwa ko daga garesu. Yana zaune kai tsaye a cikin BMG, saboda siginar da shugabannin suka samar suna da isasshen iko (kimanin 1 GHz). Ba tare da amplifier a cikin yankin da aka rufe ba, da kawai zai watsar a kan hanyar zuwa daukin da aka haɗa.
Daga wannan na'urar zuwa kawunan akwai waƙoƙi sama da zuwa yanki mai tsauri. An bayyana wannan ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa faifai diski na iya ma'amala da ɗaya daga cikinsu a wani yanayi a lokaci. Microprocessor ya aika da buƙatun zuwa ga preamplifier saboda ya zaɓi kan da ake so. Daga faifan zuwa kowannensu akwai waƙoƙi da yawa. Suna da alhakin yin ƙasa, karatu da rubutu, sarrafa ƙananan faifai, aiki tare da kayan aiki na musamman na magnetic waɗanda zasu iya sarrafa sikandire, wanda ke ba da damar ƙara daidaiton kawunan. Ofayan ɗayansu ya kai ga mai ba da wuta, wanda ke daidaita tsayin jirginsu. Wannan ƙirar yana aiki kamar haka: ana canjawa wuri daga mai hita zuwa mai dakatarwa, wanda ya haɗu da mai siyarwa da dutsen. An ƙirƙiri dakatarwar daga baƙin ƙarfe waɗanda ke da sigogi na haɓaka daban-daban daga zafi mai shigowa. Tare da kara yawan zafin jiki, yana karkata zuwa ga farantin, hakan zai rage nisansa daga shi zuwa kai. Tare da raguwa a cikin adadin zafi, sakamako na kishiyar yana faruwa - shugaban yana motsawa daga pancake.
Wannan shi ne yadda babban keɓancewa yayi kama da:
A cikin wannan hoto akwai tsayayyen yanki ba tare da toshe kawuna da sauran masu raba madaidaiciya ba. Hakanan zaka iya lura da ƙananan maganadisu da ringi matsa lamba (plat na matsa):
Wannan zobe yana riƙe da katangar pancake tare, yana hana kowane motsi dangi da juna:
An fara kunna faranti shasha (spindle hub):
Ga kuma abin da ke ƙarƙashin farantin sama:
Kamar yadda kake gani, an ƙirƙiri wurin shugabannin ne ta amfani da na musamman mai spacer zobba (spacer zobba). Waɗannan sassa ne masu tsattsauran ra'ayi waɗanda aka yi su da ginin allo ko maganadisu mara nauyi:
A kasan ɓangaren matsin lamba akwai sarari don daidaita daidaituwa, wanda kai tsaye ƙarƙashin matatar iska. Iskar da ke waje da rukunin da aka rufe, ba shakka, ya ƙunshi barbashi ƙura. Don magance wannan matsalar, an shigar da matatar mai amfani da yawa, wanda ya yi kauri sosai fiye da ɗayan matatar madauwami ɗaya. Wasu lokuta za'a iya samo abubuwan da aka samo na silicate, wanda yakamata ya sha duka danshi:
Kammalawa
Wannan labarin ya ba da cikakken bayanin yadda ƙungiyar '' HDD 'ta kasance. Muna fatan wannan kayan ya kasance mai ban sha'awa a gare ku kuma ya taimaka wajen koyon abubuwa da yawa daga fannin kayan aikin komputa.
